The Resurgence of Enforced Disappearances in the Aftermath of the July 15, 2016 Failed Coup Attempt in Turkey: A Systematic Analysis of Human Rights Violations

IF 1.2 Q1 LAW Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI:10.1007/s12142-023-00712-5
Köksal Avincan
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Abstract

After the failed coup attempt on July 15, 2016, Turkey rapidly adjusted its national security strategies to align with the principles of a security state, resulting in a notable increase in human rights violations during the declared State of Emergency. Enforced disappearances, previously used by the State against Kurdish dissidents in the 1990s, resurfaced as a brutal method in the name of “State survival” following the failed coup attempt. This research examined the systematic and organized nature of these enforced disappearances, their prevalence, specific targets, and the human rights abuses resulting from this practice. Twenty cases of enforced disappearances that occurred after July 15, 2016, were analyzed to achieve this. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) enforced disappearance methods, (2) ineffective investigation, (3) torture. The examination revealed that enforced disappearances followed a systematic and widespread pattern. The narratives highlighted commonalities in the methods of disappearances, a preference for individuals affiliated with the Gülen Movement, and the subjecting of victims to severe violations, including torture. Fundamental human rights should have remained non-derogable even during the State of Emergency, as international human rights treaties to which the Turkish State is a signatory protect them.

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2016 年 7 月 15 日土耳其未遂政变后强迫失踪事件再度出现:对侵犯人权行为的系统分析
2016年7月15日未遂政变后,土耳其迅速调整国家安全战略,以符合安全国家的原则,导致在宣布的紧急状态期间侵犯人权的行为明显增加。强迫失踪曾在 20 世纪 90 年代被国家用来对付库尔德持不同政见者,在未遂政变后,这种以 "国家生存 "为名的残暴手段再次出现。本研究调查了这些强迫失踪的系统性和有组织性、其普遍性、具体目标以及由此导致的侵犯人权行为。为此,我们分析了 2016 年 7 月 15 日之后发生的 20 起强迫失踪案件。分析中出现了三大主题:(1)强迫失踪的方法;(2)无效的调查;(3)酷刑。研究表明,强迫失踪具有系统性和普遍性。这些叙述强调了失踪方法的共性、对与居伦运动有关联的个人的偏好,以及对受害者的严重侵犯,包括酷刑。即使在紧急状态期间,基本人权也应是不可克减的,因为土耳其签署的国际人权条约保护这些权利。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
14.30%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Human Rights Review is an interdisciplinary journal which provides a scholarly forum in which human rights issues and their underlying empirical, theoretical and philosophical foundations are explored. The journal seeks to place human rights practices and policies within a theoretical perspective in order to link empirical research to broader human rights issues. Human Rights Review welcomes submissions from all academic areas in order to foster a wide-ranging dialogue on issues of concern to both the academic and the policy-making communities. The journal is receptive to submissions drawing from diverse methodologies and approaches including case studies, quantitative analysis, legal scholarship and philosophical discourse in order to provide a comprehensive discussion concerning human rights issues.
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