Recharging Retail: Estimating Consumer Demand Spillovers from Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Yash Babar, Gordon Burtch
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Abstract

Problem definition: We estimate the impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations on volumes of consumer foot traffic received by nearby retail establishments. We also explore the conditions under which any effects manifest. Methodology/results: We use a differences-in-differences design, exploiting the staggered introduction of Tesla Supercharger stations across the United States. We combine data on Supercharger installations with mobile phone–based estimates of retailer foot traffic. We explore heterogeneity in the treatment effect, in terms of EV charger characteristics, visitor characteristics, establishment type, and local physical context. We estimate that establishments experience an average 4% increase in monthly visits following the installation of a Tesla Supercharger. These effects arise primarily for retailers that offer relatively quick services (e.g., fast food) and for those located very near to the charger (within 150 meters). The effects are also more pronounced when the Supercharger is one of the first EV chargers introduced into the local area. Managerial implications: We document evidence of the positive retail demand spillovers arising from EV charging station infrastructure. We also document the conditions under which the benefits manifest. Insights for EV network operators, retailers, and policymakers are included.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0519 .
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充电零售:估算电动汽车充电站对消费者需求的溢出效应
问题定义:我们估算了电动汽车(EV)充电站对附近零售店消费者人流量的影响。我们还探讨了在哪些条件下会产生影响。方法/结果:我们采用差异设计,利用特斯拉超级充电站在全美的交错引入。我们将超级充电站的安装数据与基于手机的零售商人流量估算相结合。我们从电动汽车充电器特征、游客特征、机构类型和当地自然环境等方面探讨了治疗效果的异质性。我们估计,在安装特斯拉超级充电器后,商店的月访问量平均增加了 4%。这些效应主要产生于提供相对快捷服务的零售商(如快餐店)和距离充电器非常近(150 米内)的零售商。当超级充电器是当地最早引入的电动汽车充电器之一时,这种效应也会更加明显。管理意义:我们记录了电动汽车充电站基础设施带来的积极零售需求溢出效应的证据。我们还记录了效益显现的条件。补充材料:在线附录见 https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0519 。
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