Controlling Australian Immigration: Holocaust Survivors in the Post-War Years

IF 0.6 4区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY Australian Journal of Politics and History Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI:10.1111/ajph.12944
Andrew Markus, Suzanne D. Rutland
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Abstract

Recent studies of immigration have questioned assumptions about the effectiveness of government controls. In her work on illegal Jewish immigration to the United States, Libby Garland argues that official immigration quotas may not reflect actual numbers of immigrants and critiques historians for being too ready to take immigration laws at face value. Mae Ngai's work on the racialisation of “illegal aliens” in the United States also documents the failure of legislation to curb illegal immigration. Situating her study within this historiography, Sheila Fitzpatrick has re-examined Australian measures that aimed to limit the entry of Holocaust survivors and concluded that the number of arrivals was substantially higher than previously recognised, in part because migrants and their sponsors found ways around restrictions. In substantiation, Fitzpatrick drew on the archives of the International Refugee Organization and the Australian Government, and the papers of the country's first Minister for Immigration, Arthur Calwell. This article revisits Fitzpatrick's sources, as well as the records of Jewish organisations she did not consult. It establishes that the Australian government effectively limited Jewish immigration and the estimates of earlier scholars were substantially correct.

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控制澳大利亚移民:战后大屠杀幸存者
最近的移民研究对政府管制有效性的假设提出了质疑。利比-加兰(Libby Garland)在其关于犹太人非法移民美国的著作中指出,官方移民配额可能无法反映移民的实际数量,并批评历史学家过于轻信移民法的表面价值。Mae Ngai 关于美国 "非法移民 "种族化的研究也记录了立法遏制非法移民的失败。希拉-菲茨帕特里克(Sheila Fitzpatrick)将自己的研究置于这一史学研究中,重新审视了澳大利亚旨在限制大屠杀幸存者入境的措施,并得出结论认为,抵达澳大利亚的人数远高于之前的认识,部分原因是移民及其担保人找到了绕过限制的方法。为了证明这一点,菲茨帕特里克参考了国际难民组织和澳大利亚政府的档案,以及该国首任移民部长阿瑟-卡尔韦尔的文件。本文重温了菲茨帕特里克的资料来源,以及她没有查阅的犹太人组织的记录。文章证实,澳大利亚政府有效地限制了犹太人移民,早期学者的估计基本正确。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of Politics and History presents papers addressing significant problems of general interest to those working in the fields of history, political studies and international affairs. Articles explore the politics and history of Australia and modern Europe, intellectual history, political history, and the history of political thought. The journal also publishes articles in the fields of international politics, Australian foreign policy, and Australia relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Issue Information Western Australia July to December 2023 Commonwealth of Australia July to December 2023 Issues in Australian Foreign Policy July to December 2023
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