Will Climate Change and Ocean Acidification Lead to the Massive Death of Marine Organisms?

Rostern N. Tembo
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Abstract

Ocean acidification represents a threat to marine species worldwide, and forecasting the ecological impacts of acidification is a high priority for science, management, and policy. As research on the topic expands at an exponential rate, a comprehensive understanding of the variability in organisms' responses and corresponding levels of certainty is necessary to forecast the ecological effects. More specifically, what stands to be understood from this review is an understanding of the effects of ocean acidification and whether marine organisms have sufficient physiological plasticity to adapt to the changes in their environment as pCO2 concentration continues to rise. An experiment assessing the impact of ocean acidification on a given species, community, or ecosystem should include realistic changes for all environmental drivers (CO2, temperature, salinity, food concentrations, light availability), and be long-term (i.e., several years) to allow for natural variability and multiple generations of each species under consideration. Single experimental approaches on single organisms often do not capture the true level of complexity of in situ marine environments, and multi-disciplinary approaches involving technological advancements and development are critically needed before a correct determination is made on the mortality of marine organisms.
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气候变化和海洋酸化会导致海洋生物大量死亡吗?
海洋酸化对全球海洋物种构成威胁,预测酸化对生态的影响是科学、管理和政策的重中之重。随着相关研究的飞速发展,有必要全面了解生物反应的变异性以及相应的确定性水平,以预测生态影响。更具体地说,本综述所要了解的是海洋酸化的影响,以及随着pCO2浓度的不断上升,海洋生物是否有足够的生理可塑性来适应环境的变化。评估海洋酸化对特定物种、群落或生态系统影响的实验应包括所有环境驱动因素(二氧化碳、温度、盐度、食物浓度、光照)的实际变化,并应是长期的(即数年),以考虑到自然变异性和每个物种的多代性。针对单一生物的单一实验方法往往无法捕捉到原位海洋环境的真正复杂程度,在对海洋生物的死亡率做出正确判断之前,亟需涉及技术进步和发展的多学科方法。
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