Deciphering the features and functions of serine/arginine protein kinases in bread wheat

Abstract

Serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) are members of the serine-threonine kinase family that phosphorylate the Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins involved in alternate splicing. They are reported in various eukaryotes including mammals, and in a few plants, but seldom explored in important crop species. Herein, we identified a total of nine TaSRPK genes from all three subgenomes (A, B, and D) of a staple crop Triticum aestivum, and phylogenetically classified them into two groups. The TaSRPKs have conserved gene architecture with four exons. Each TaSRPK protein consists of a characteristic protein kinase domain having an active site and ATP binding region. The occurrence of diverse cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region, and interaction with assorted groups of transcription factors and miRNAs exhibited their divergent functions. Differential expression of certain TaSRPKs in vegetative and reproductive tissues and in the presence of fungal pathogens and various abiotic stress conditions further assured their association during development processes and stress response. Our study highlighted the importance of TaSRPKs, which might be useful for their detailed characterization in future research.