IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100565

Qingxiang Han , Pengbo Hao , Tomomi Wakabayashi , Shota Sakaguchi , Hiroaki Setoguchi

Flowering represents the phenological response of plants to environmental cues, serving as a critical developmental phase that dictates the reproductive success of plants. Numerous over-wintering plants require vernalization to induce flowering, yet the shifting climate patterns in recent years have disrupted their flowering phenology. Different vernalization requirements in wild radish make them ideal for exploring the adaptations of vernalization-responsive plants to warmer winter. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the flowering regulation pathways and molecular mechanism in wild radish with different vernalization requirements. A total of 2369 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various time points. Vernalization upregulated floral activators VIN3 and AGL19 while downregulating repressors such as WRKY34/MSP3 and MAF5/AGL68, leading to suppression of FLC. Notably, even without cold exposure, facultative lineages exhibited elevated VIN3 and AGL19 and reduced repressors (FRI, MAF5/AGL68, FES1). Enrichment analysis highlighted photosynthesis-related pathways. Obligate vernalization types flower through the vernalization pathway, whereas facultative ones utilize photoperiod, gibberellin, and temperature pathways under non-vernalizing conditions. These findings improve understanding of floral adaptation to warming winters and offer insights for crop resilience and production under global climate change.

开花代表了植物对环境因素的物候反应，是决定植物繁殖成功与否的关键发育阶段。许多越冬植物需要春化来诱导开花，然而近年来气候模式的变化破坏了它们的开花物候。野生萝卜不同的春化需求使其成为探索春化响应植物对暖冬适应的理想选择。通过转录组学分析，探讨了不同春化要求的野生萝卜开花调控途径和分子机制。在不同的时间点，共有2369个基因被鉴定为显著差异表达基因（DEGs）。春化上调花激活因子VIN3和AGL19，下调WRKY34/MSP3和MAF5/AGL68等抑制因子，导致FLC的抑制。值得注意的是，即使没有低温暴露，兼性谱系也表现出VIN3和AGL19升高，抑制因子（FRI, MAF5/AGL68, FES1）降低。富集分析强调了光合作用相关的途径。专性春化类型通过春化途径开花，而兼性春化类型在非春化条件下利用光周期、赤霉素和温度途径。这些发现提高了对植物对暖冬适应的认识，并为全球气候变化下作物的适应力和生产提供了见解。

{"title":"Natural variation in the plasticity of flowering time across Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides characterized by different vernalization requirements","authors":"Qingxiang Han , Pengbo Hao , Tomomi Wakabayashi , Shota Sakaguchi , Hiroaki Setoguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flowering represents the phenological response of plants to environmental cues, serving as a critical developmental phase that dictates the reproductive success of plants. Numerous over-wintering plants require vernalization to induce flowering, yet the shifting climate patterns in recent years have disrupted their flowering phenology. Different vernalization requirements in wild radish make them ideal for exploring the adaptations of vernalization-responsive plants to warmer winter. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the flowering regulation pathways and molecular mechanism in wild radish with different vernalization requirements. A total of 2369 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various time points. Vernalization upregulated floral activators <em>VIN3</em> and <em>AGL19</em> while downregulating repressors such as <em>WRKY34</em>/<em>MSP3</em> and MAF5/AGL68, leading to suppression of <em>FLC</em>. Notably, even without cold exposure, facultative lineages exhibited elevated <em>VIN3</em> and <em>AGL19</em> and reduced repressors (<em>FRI</em>, <em>MAF5/AGL68</em>, <em>FES1</em>). Enrichment analysis highlighted photosynthesis-related pathways. Obligate vernalization types flower through the vernalization pathway, whereas facultative ones utilize photoperiod, gibberellin, and temperature pathways under non-vernalizing conditions. These findings improve understanding of floral adaptation to warming winters and offer insights for crop resilience and production under global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic and phenotypic diversity in cannabis genotypes: insights from seed dimensions, mineral profiles, and Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers 大麻基因型的遗传和表型多样性：从种子尺寸，矿物剖面和短串联重复序列（STR）标记的见解

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100564

Sabeliwe Langa , Lembe Samukelo Magwaza , Asanda Mditshwa , Samson Zeray Tesfay

This study characterized cannabis varieties based on seed physical properties, mineral composition, and Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers. Eleven cannabis varieties were analyzed, including landraces Ladysmith Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘L1’) and Iswazi (‘L2’), Durban Poison (‘H1’), Bergville Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘B1’), Natal (‘B2’) and Iswazi (‘B3’), and Msinga Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘M1’) and Iswazi (‘M2’), and the commercially available ‘Hemp’, ‘Cherry bubble gum’ (‘High-CBD’) and ‘White Rhino’ (‘High-THC’) varieties. Physical traits measured included seed length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, and sphericity. Genetic analysis was conducted using sixty-eight STR markers, while mineral composition was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in seed dimensions and surface area, while aspect ratio and sphericity showed no significant variation (p > 0.05). Elemental composition varied significantly (p < 0.05), particularly for carbon, oxygen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silicon. Carbon was highest in ‘High-THC’ (75.10 %) and lowest in ‘H1’ (55.58 %), whereas oxygen showed an inverse trend. Variations in seed dimensions and mineral profiles highlight the diverse genetic and phenotypic landscape of the samples. Positive correlations (p < 0.001) among varieties suggested similarities in physical traits, mineral composition, and STR markers. However, hierarchical clustering revealed distinct groupings, indicating complex diversity. Landraces could not be reliably classified as ‘High-CBD’, ‘High-THC’, or ‘Hemp’, reflecting STR marker neutrality. Integrating STRs with functional gene markers or metabolic profiling may improve chemotype discrimination and support development of cannabis-specific identification tools. These findings provide insights for breeding programs and optimization of desirable traits.

本研究基于种子物理特性、矿物成分和短串联重复序列（STR）标记对大麻品种进行了鉴定。分析了11种大麻品种，包括地方品种Ladysmith Ugwayi wesiZulu （‘ L1 ‘）和Iswazi （’ L2 ’），德班毒药（‘ H1 ‘）， Bergville Ugwayi wesiZulu （’ B1 ’）， Natal （‘ B2 ‘）和Iswazi （’ B3 ’）， Msinga Ugwayi wesiZulu （‘ M1 ‘）和Iswazi （’ M2 ’），以及市售的‘ Hemp ’， ‘ Cherry泡泡糖’（‘高cbd ’）和‘白犀牛’（‘高thc ’）品种。测量的物理性状包括种子的长度、宽度、厚度、几何平均直径、表面积、纵横比和球形度。使用68个STR标记进行遗传分析，同时使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散x射线（EDX）探测器评估矿物成分。种子尺寸和表面积差异有统计学意义（p < 0.001），长宽比和球度差异无统计学意义（p < 0.05）。元素组成变化显著（p < 0.05），尤其是碳、氧、钾、磷、硫、铁和硅。碳在“High-THC”中最高（75.10%），在“H1”中最低（55.58%），而氧呈相反趋势。种子尺寸和矿物剖面的变化突出了样品的遗传和表型景观的多样性。品种间正相关（p < 0.001）表明其物理性状、矿物组成和STR标记相似。然而，层次聚类显示出不同的类群，表明复杂的多样性。地方品种不能可靠地归类为“高cbd”、“高thc”或“大麻”，这反映了STR标记的中立性。将STRs与功能基因标记或代谢谱相结合可以改善化学型区分，并支持大麻特异性鉴定工具的开发。这些发现为育种计划和理想性状的优化提供了见解。

{"title":"Genetic and phenotypic diversity in cannabis genotypes: insights from seed dimensions, mineral profiles, and Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers","authors":"Sabeliwe Langa , Lembe Samukelo Magwaza , Asanda Mditshwa , Samson Zeray Tesfay","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterized cannabis varieties based on seed physical properties, mineral composition, and Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers. Eleven cannabis varieties were analyzed, including landraces Ladysmith Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘L1’) and Iswazi (‘L2’), Durban Poison (‘H1’), Bergville Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘B1’), Natal (‘B2’) and Iswazi (‘B3’), and Msinga Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘M1’) and Iswazi (‘M2’), and the commercially available ‘Hemp’, ‘Cherry bubble gum’ (‘High-CBD’) and ‘White Rhino’ (‘High-THC’) varieties. Physical traits measured included seed length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, and sphericity. Genetic analysis was conducted using sixty-eight STR markers, while mineral composition was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. Significant differences (<em>p</em> < 0.001) were found in seed dimensions and surface area, while aspect ratio and sphericity showed no significant variation (<em>p</em> > 0.05). Elemental composition varied significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05), particularly for carbon, oxygen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silicon. Carbon was highest in ‘High-THC’ (75.10 %) and lowest in ‘H1’ (55.58 %), whereas oxygen showed an inverse trend. Variations in seed dimensions and mineral profiles highlight the diverse genetic and phenotypic landscape of the samples. Positive correlations (<em>p</em> < 0.001) among varieties suggested similarities in physical traits, mineral composition, and STR markers. However, hierarchical clustering revealed distinct groupings, indicating complex diversity. Landraces could not be reliably classified as ‘High-CBD’, ‘High-THC’, or ‘Hemp’, reflecting STR marker neutrality. Integrating STRs with functional gene markers or metabolic profiling may improve chemotype discrimination and support development of cannabis-specific identification tools. These findings provide insights for breeding programs and optimization of desirable traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterologous expression of fatty acid elongase1 homeoalleles of Brassica juncea reveals robust erucic acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces and highlights metabolic constraints in Chlamydomonas 芥菜脂肪酸长酶1等位基因的异源表达揭示了酵母菌中芥酸的强劲生物合成，并强调了衣单胞菌的代谢限制

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100563

Neelesh Patra , Susamoy Sarkar , Mrinal K. Maiti

The fatty acid elongase1 (FAE1) genes of allotetraploid Brassica juncea are the key determinants of high erucic acid (EA, C22:1) accumulation in its seed oil. Although our previous work demonstrated near-zero EA content in Indian mustard oil through CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the two homeoalleles, BjFAE1.1 and BjFAE1.2; the specific contribution of each isozyme towards EA biosynthesis remains elusive. This study investigates the heterologous expression of BjFAE1.1 and BjFAE1.2 from high-EA B. juncea cultivar JD6 in two metabolically distinct eukaryotic microbial hosts: the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite confirmed mRNA/protein expression, neither BjFAE1 isozyme produced detectable C20:1 or C22:1 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in transgenic lines of C. reinhardtii. In contrast, expression in S. cerevisiae resulted in significant de novo biosynthesis of VLCFAs, C20:1 (∼9–11 %) and C22:1 (∼17–19 %), confirming their enzymatic activity as functional β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase. Furthermore, substrate feeding experiments in yeast further validated their capability to elongate oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) to erucoyl-CoA (C22:1-CoA) via eicosenoyl-CoA (C20:1-CoA) intermediate, with BjFAE1.1 showing slightly higher activity, as indicated by the enhanced VLCFA accumulation. These findings substantiate the critical influence of the heterologous host's cellular environment on the functionality of plant lipid metabolism enzymes and underscore the challenges for VLCFA production in microalgal platform.

异体四倍体芥菜籽油中高芥酸（EA, C22:1）积累的关键决定因素是脂肪酸长链酶1 （FAE1）基因。虽然我们之前的工作通过CRISPR/Cas9敲除两个同源等位基因BjFAE1.1和BjFAE1.2证明印度芥菜油中的EA含量接近于零；每种同工酶对EA生物合成的具体贡献仍然难以捉摸。本研究研究了高ea芥菜品种JD6 BjFAE1.1和BjFAE1.2在两种代谢差异的真核微生物宿主——绿微藻莱茵衣藻和出芽酵母酿酒酵母中的异源表达。尽管BjFAE1同工酶的mRNA/蛋白表达得到了证实，但在莱茵哈蒂弓形虫转基因系中，BjFAE1同工酶均未产生可检测到的C20:1或C22:1超长链脂肪酸（VLCFAs）。相反，在酿酒酵母中的表达导致VLCFAs， C20:1（~ 9 - 11%）和C22:1（~ 17 - 19%）的显著新生生物合成，证实了它们作为功能性β-酮酰基辅酶a合成酶的酶活性。此外，酵母的底物饲养实验进一步验证了它们通过二十烯醇基辅酶a （C20:1-CoA）中间体将油酰辅酶a （C18:1-CoA）延长为油酰辅酶a （C22:1-CoA）的能力，其中BjFAE1.1的活性略高，这表明VLCFA积累增强。这些发现证实了异源寄主细胞环境对植物脂质代谢酶功能的重要影响，并强调了微藻平台生产VLCFA的挑战。

{"title":"Heterologous expression of fatty acid elongase1 homeoalleles of Brassica juncea reveals robust erucic acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces and highlights metabolic constraints in Chlamydomonas","authors":"Neelesh Patra , Susamoy Sarkar , Mrinal K. Maiti","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>fatty acid elongase1</em> (<em>FAE1</em>) genes of allotetraploid <em>Brassica juncea</em> are the key determinants of high erucic acid (EA, C22:1) accumulation in its seed oil. Although our previous work demonstrated near-zero EA content in Indian mustard oil through CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the two homeoalleles, <em>BjFAE1.1</em> and <em>BjFAE1.2</em>; the specific contribution of each isozyme towards EA biosynthesis remains elusive. This study investigates the heterologous expression of <em>BjFAE1.1</em> and <em>BjFAE1.2</em> from high-EA <em>B. juncea</em> cultivar JD6 in two metabolically distinct eukaryotic microbial hosts: the green microalga <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> and the budding yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. Despite confirmed mRNA/protein expression, neither BjFAE1 isozyme produced detectable C20:1 or C22:1 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in transgenic lines of <em>C. reinhardtii</em>. In contrast, expression in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> resulted in significant <em>de novo</em> biosynthesis of VLCFAs, C20:1 (∼9–11 %) and C22:1 (∼17–19 %), confirming their enzymatic activity as functional β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase. Furthermore, substrate feeding experiments in yeast further validated their capability to elongate oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) to erucoyl-CoA (C22:1-CoA) via eicosenoyl-CoA (C20:1-CoA) intermediate, with BjFAE1.1 showing slightly higher activity, as indicated by the enhanced VLCFA accumulation. These findings substantiate the critical influence of the heterologous host's cellular environment on the functionality of plant lipid metabolism enzymes and underscore the challenges for VLCFA production in microalgal platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional analysis of tobacco NtabSPL6–4 in fungal pathogen resistance 烟草NtabSPL6-4在真菌病原菌抗性中的功能分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100562

Xiao-Fang Hou , Di Sang , Wen-Qian Song , Yu-Fan Chen , Shu-Fan Liu , Min Huang , Hao Cheng , Xuan Huang , Zi-Qin Xu

Plants defend against multiple pathogens by activating different signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic responses, where enhanced resistance to one pathogen is often accompanied by increased susceptibility to another, remain poorly understood. This study explores the functional role of the NtabSPL6–4 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, with a focus on its involvement in regulating plant growth, development, and immune responses. The results show that the NtabSPL6–4 protein is mainly localized in the nucleus. Compared with the wild-type plants, NtabSPL6–4-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited delayed flowering, increased leaf number, and larger leaf area. Transcriptome analysis under Botrytis cinerea infection showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways. Functional experiments revealed that NtabSPL6–4 enhances plant sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae by down-regulating the expression of PR1 and PR5, while activating JA pathway-related genes to increase resistance to fungal pathogens. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further demonstrated that NtabSPL6–4 binds to the promoter region of ACX1, regulating JA levels. This modulation reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide, limits cell damage, and decreases the severity of leaf lesions, thereby contributing to enhanced resistance against fungal infection. These results suggest that NtabSPL6–4 has a dual regulatory role in plant immunity, enhancing resistance to fungal pathogens while increasing susceptibility to bacterial pathogens.

植物通过激活不同的信号通路来抵御多种病原体。然而，拮抗反应的分子机制，即对一种病原体的抗性增强往往伴随着对另一种病原体的易感性增加，仍然知之甚少。本研究探讨了NtabSPL6-4基因在拟南芥中的功能作用，重点关注其在调节植物生长、发育和免疫应答中的作用。结果表明，NtabSPL6-4蛋白主要定位于细胞核。与野生型相比，过表达ntabspl6 - 4的拟南芥植株开花时间延迟，叶数增加，叶面积增大。在灰葡萄孢感染下的转录组分析显示，差异表达基因主要富集在茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA）信号通路上。功能实验表明，NtabSPL6-4通过下调PR1和PR5的表达，增强植物对丁香假单胞菌的敏感性，同时激活JA通路相关基因，增强植物对真菌病原菌的抗性。染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）实验进一步表明，NtabSPL6-4结合ACX1的启动子区域，调节JA水平。这种调节减少了活性氧（ROS）和过氧化氢的积累，限制了细胞损伤，降低了叶片损伤的严重程度，从而有助于增强对真菌感染的抵抗力。这些结果表明，NtabSPL6-4在植物免疫中具有双重调节作用，增强对真菌病原体的抗性，同时增加对细菌病原体的敏感性。

{"title":"Functional analysis of tobacco NtabSPL6–4 in fungal pathogen resistance","authors":"Xiao-Fang Hou , Di Sang , Wen-Qian Song , Yu-Fan Chen , Shu-Fan Liu , Min Huang , Hao Cheng , Xuan Huang , Zi-Qin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants defend against multiple pathogens by activating different signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic responses, where enhanced resistance to one pathogen is often accompanied by increased susceptibility to another, remain poorly understood. This study explores the functional role of the <em>NtabSPL6–4</em> gene in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, with a focus on its involvement in regulating plant growth, development, and immune responses. The results show that the NtabSPL6–4 protein is mainly localized in the nucleus. Compared with the wild-type plants, <em>NtabSPL6–4</em>-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited delayed flowering, increased leaf number, and larger leaf area. Transcriptome analysis under <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> infection showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways. Functional experiments revealed that <em>NtabSPL6–4</em> enhances plant sensitivity to <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> by down-regulating the expression of <em>PR1</em> and <em>PR5</em>, while activating JA pathway-related genes to increase resistance to fungal pathogens. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further demonstrated that NtabSPL6–4 binds to the promoter region of <em>ACX1</em>, regulating JA levels. This modulation reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide, limits cell damage, and decreases the severity of leaf lesions, thereby contributing to enhanced resistance against fungal infection. These results suggest that <em>NtabSPL6–4</em> has a dual regulatory role in plant immunity, enhancing resistance to fungal pathogens while increasing susceptibility to bacterial pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of ParALMT genes and their relationship with organic acid accumulation in apricot fruit 杏果实中palmt基因的鉴定及其与有机酸积累的关系

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100561

Chenjuan Jing , Duan Wang , Zhikun Liu , Xuefeng Chen , Yang Zhang , Xiaohong Wu

High levels of organic acids in apricot fruit affect the flavor quality and market scale. Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are key proteins regulating organic acid accumulation in fruits, but their structure and functions in apricot remain understudied. Here, we identified 11 orthologous genes of the ALMT family in the genome of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), designated ParALMT1–11. These genes were classified into subfamilies I-V and unevenly distributed across linkage groups LG1/2/6/7/8. Each ParALMT protein contained 5–7 transmembrane domains. Some genes showed tissue-specific expression in apricot roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. The expression dynamics of ParALMT10 and ParALMT11 in apricot fruit were closely associated with organic acid metabolism. ParALMT10 may be a key gene regulating the accumulation of organic acids, particularly malic acid in apricot fruit. This study paves the way for elucidating the metabolic mechanisms of organic acids and improving fruit quality in apricot.

杏果实中有机酸含量过高，影响杏的风味品质和市场规模。铝活化苹果酸转运蛋白（ALMTs）是调节果实有机酸积累的关键蛋白，但其在杏中的结构和功能尚不清楚。本研究在杏（Prunus armeniaca L.）基因组中鉴定了11个ALMT家族的同源基因，命名为parmt1 - 11。这些基因被划分为I-V亚家族，在LG1/2/6/7/8连锁群中分布不均匀。每个parmt蛋白含有5-7个跨膜结构域。部分基因在杏的根、茎、叶和种子中有组织特异性表达。杏果实中palmt10和palmt11的表达动态与有机酸代谢密切相关。palmt10可能是调控杏果实中有机酸尤其是苹果酸积累的关键基因。本研究为阐明有机酸代谢机制和改善杏果实品质奠定了基础。

引用次数: 0

Cloning and expression analyses of the twin LOV protein (LLP) gene under varying light, water-deficit and humidity conditions in the small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) 小果番茄（Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformme）双LOV蛋白（LLP）基因的克隆及不同光照、缺水和湿度条件下的表达分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100560

Ophilia Ibapalei Lyngdoh Mawphlang , M. Bharatheeswaran , Lingaraj Sahoo , Highland Kayang , Eros Kharshiing

The PAS/LOV Protein 1, commonly referred to as PLP1 (also known as LOV/LOV Protein or LLP) is recognized as a novel blue-light photoreceptor in plants, and its homologs have been identified in various species. Nevertheless, the functional role of LLP in plant biology is still unclear. In this report, we have cloned a homolog of LLP from the small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) and analysed its expression levels under different light, water-deficit and humidity conditions. Determination of relative expression by RT-qPCR show high-intensity blue-light is most effective in inducing LLP expression in the young seedlings as well as in leaves of older plants, indicating that its expression is governed by both light intensity and spectral composition. LLP expression is also enhanced under drought-like conditions but not under conditions of high humidity. This report will further aid our understanding of LLP expression in responses to light and water-deficit conditions in tomato.

PAS/LOV蛋白1，通常称为PLP1（也称为LOV/LOV蛋白或LLP）是公认的植物中一种新型蓝光光感受器，其同源物已在多种植物中被鉴定。然而，LLP在植物生物学中的功能作用尚不清楚。在这篇报道中，我们从小果番茄（Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformme）中克隆了一个LLP同源物，并分析了其在不同光照、水分亏缺和湿度条件下的表达水平。RT-qPCR相对表达量测定结果显示，高强度蓝光诱导LLP在幼苗和老植株叶片中表达最有效，表明其表达受光强和光谱组成共同控制。LLP的表达在干旱条件下也有增强，而在高湿条件下则没有。该报告将进一步帮助我们了解番茄在光照和缺水条件下LLP的表达。

{"title":"Cloning and expression analyses of the twin LOV protein (LLP) gene under varying light, water-deficit and humidity conditions in the small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)","authors":"Ophilia Ibapalei Lyngdoh Mawphlang , M. Bharatheeswaran , Lingaraj Sahoo , Highland Kayang , Eros Kharshiing","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>PAS/LOV Protein 1</em>, commonly referred to as <em>PLP1</em> (also known as <em>LOV/LOV Protein</em> or <em>LLP</em>) is recognized as a novel blue-light photoreceptor in plants, and its homologs have been identified in various species. Nevertheless, the functional role of <em>LLP</em> in plant biology is still unclear. In this report, we have cloned a homolog of <em>LLP</em> from the small-fruited tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> var. <em>cerasiforme</em>) and analysed its expression levels under different light, water-deficit and humidity conditions. Determination of relative expression by RT-qPCR show high-intensity blue-light is most effective in inducing <em>LLP</em> expression in the young seedlings as well as in leaves of older plants, indicating that its expression is governed by both light intensity and spectral composition. <em>LLP</em> expression is also enhanced under drought-like conditions but not under conditions of high humidity. This report will further aid our understanding of <em>LLP</em> expression in responses to light and water-deficit conditions in tomato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145537240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IAA and ABA-stress mediate Omega-3 fatty acid enhancement in Monoraphidium contortum SRR472 IAA和aba应激介导扭曲单胞菌SRR472中Omega-3脂肪酸的增加

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100559

Nidhi Chaudhary, Monalisha Mishra, Mariyam Fatima, Nand K. Singh

Microalgae are a sustainable source of high-value bioactive compounds with significant nutritional and therapeutic benefits. They contain essential dietary components, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids are known for their positive effect on mental, vision, and cardiovascular health in humans. In the present study, the stress-inducing effect of indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA), on Monoraphidium contortum SRR472 was investigated with a focus on omega-3 fatty acid biosynthesis. Our study highlighted, both phytohormones acted as biochemical stressors, significantly enhancing cellular proliferation, biomass accumulation, and omega-3 fatty acids biosynthesis. Among the treatments, ABA exerted the most stimulatory effect on overall cell growth and biomass. Notably, IAA induced stress significantly increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA (9.10 ± 0.01, 3.75 ± 0.07, and 4.1 ± 0.1 %). Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes under phytohormone further confirmed the cellular stress response. The gene expression analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of key fatty acid biosynthetic pathway genes, including FAD (fatty acid desaturase), D6E (elongase ∆6b1), and D6D (∆6-desaturase) were significantly enhanced by 5.3, 2.1, and 1.4-fold, respectively, relative to the control following IAA stress in the microalgae. These results support the role of stress-driven transcriptional regulation in enhancing PUFA production. These findings demonstrate that IAA and ABA-induced oxidative stress serve as a potent trigger for boosting omega-3 fatty acid accumulation in microalgae, offering a strategic approach for optimizing omega-3 PUFA yields in microalgal bioprocessing.

微藻是高价值生物活性化合物的可持续来源，具有显著的营养和治疗效益。它们含有必需的膳食成分，包括omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。众所周知，这些脂肪酸对人类的精神、视力和心血管健康有积极作用。本研究以欧米加-3脂肪酸的生物合成为重点，研究吲哚乙酸（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）对扭曲单胞菌SRR472的胁迫诱导作用。我们的研究强调，这两种植物激素作为生化应激源，显著促进细胞增殖、生物量积累和omega-3脂肪酸的生物合成。其中，ABA对整体细胞生长和生物量的刺激作用最大。值得注意的是，IAA诱导的应激显著增加了omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸，特别是亚麻酸，EPA和DHA（9.10±0.01,3.75±0.07和4.1±0.1%）。植物激素作用下活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化酶水平的升高进一步证实了细胞的应激反应。基因表达分析显示，在IAA胁迫下，微藻中脂肪酸去饱和酶（FAD）、延长酶（D6E）和去饱和酶（D6D）等关键脂肪酸生物合成途径基因显著上调，分别较对照显著提高5.3倍、2.1倍和1.4倍。这些结果支持应激驱动的转录调控在提高PUFA生产中的作用。这些发现表明，IAA和aba诱导的氧化应激是促进微藻中omega-3脂肪酸积累的有效触发因素，为优化微藻生物加工过程中omega-3 PUFA的产量提供了一种战略途径。

{"title":"IAA and ABA-stress mediate Omega-3 fatty acid enhancement in Monoraphidium contortum SRR472","authors":"Nidhi Chaudhary, Monalisha Mishra, Mariyam Fatima, Nand K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are a sustainable source of high-value bioactive compounds with significant nutritional and therapeutic benefits. They contain essential dietary components, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids are known for their positive effect on mental, vision, and cardiovascular health in humans. In the present study, the stress-inducing effect of indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA), on <em>Monoraphidium contortum</em> SRR472 was investigated with a focus on omega-3 fatty acid biosynthesis. Our study highlighted, both phytohormones acted as biochemical stressors, significantly enhancing cellular proliferation, biomass accumulation, and omega-3 fatty acids biosynthesis. Among the treatments, ABA exerted the most stimulatory effect on overall cell growth and biomass. Notably, IAA induced stress significantly increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA (9.10 ± 0.01, 3.75 ± 0.07, and 4.1 ± 0.1 %). Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes under phytohormone further confirmed the cellular stress response. The gene expression analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of key fatty acid biosynthetic pathway genes, including FAD (fatty acid desaturase), D6E (elongase ∆6b1), and D6D (∆6-desaturase) were significantly enhanced by 5.3, 2.1, and 1.4-fold, respectively, relative to the control following IAA stress in the microalgae. These results support the role of stress-driven transcriptional regulation in enhancing PUFA production. These findings demonstrate that IAA and ABA-induced oxidative stress serve as a potent trigger for boosting omega-3 fatty acid accumulation in microalgae, offering a strategic approach for optimizing omega-3 PUFA yields in microalgal bioprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals regulatory networks underlying flavonoid accumulation in developing seeds of vegetable- and grain-type faba bean (Vicia faba L.) 比较代谢组学和转录组学分析揭示了蔬菜型和谷物型蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）种子发育过程中黄酮积累的调控网络

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100554

Na Zhao , Dong Xue , Yongqiang Wang , Yamei Miao , Chunyan Gu , Kaihua Wang , Libin Wei , Linglong Zhu , Xuejun Wang

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a nutrient-rich legume crop valued for its high protein content and dietary benefits. However, the coordination between metabolic accumulation and gene regulatory networks during seed development remains insufficiently understood, particularly how dynamic changes in primary and secondary metabolites drive developmental transitions and influence final seed quality. In this study, we performed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses at two developmental stages (30 and 45 days after anthesis, DAA) of two V. faba cultivars: the vegetable-type TongCanXian No.7 (TCX) and the grain-type QiDou No.2 (QD). A total of 868 metabolites were identified using widely targeted LC-MS/MS, of which 247 were differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Key enriched pathways included flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters. RNA-seq profiling generated 37,457 unigenes, and 9862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the thresholds of |log₂FC| > 1 and adjusted p-value <0.05. Among these, 34 DEGs and 19 DAMs were co-enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Notably, genes such as CHS, F3H, and DFR showed cultivar-specific expression patterns associated with flavonoid accumulation. This work provides new insights into the molecular basis of metabolite accumulation in faba bean seeds and highlights 34 key candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings offer a foundation for targeted genetic improvement of nutritional quality traits in faba bean.

蚕豆（Vicia Faba L.）是一种营养丰富的豆类作物，因其高蛋白含量和膳食益处而受到重视。然而，在种子发育过程中，代谢积累和基因调控网络之间的协调仍然没有得到充分的了解，特别是初级和次级代谢物的动态变化如何驱动发育转变并影响最终种子质量。本研究对菜籽型桐参鲜7号（TCX）和籽粒型歧豆2号（QD）两个蚕豆品种的两个发育阶段（开花后30天和45天）进行了综合代谢组学和转录组学分析。利用广泛靶向的LC-MS/MS共鉴定出868种代谢物，其中247种为差异积累代谢物（DAMs）。主要富集途径包括类黄酮生物合成、氨基酸代谢和ABC转运蛋白。RNA-seq分析产生37,457个单基因，根据|log 2 FC| >； 1和调整p值<；0.05的阈值鉴定出9862个差异表达基因（deg）。其中34个deg和19个dam在类黄酮生物合成途径中共富集。值得注意的是，CHS、F3H和DFR等基因表现出与类黄酮积累相关的品种特异性表达模式。这项工作为蚕豆种子代谢产物积累的分子基础提供了新的见解，并突出了34个参与类黄酮生物合成的关键候选基因。这些发现为蚕豆营养品质性状的定向遗传改良奠定了基础。

{"title":"Comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals regulatory networks underlying flavonoid accumulation in developing seeds of vegetable- and grain-type faba bean (Vicia faba L.)","authors":"Na Zhao , Dong Xue , Yongqiang Wang , Yamei Miao , Chunyan Gu , Kaihua Wang , Libin Wei , Linglong Zhu , Xuejun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em> L.) is a nutrient-rich legume crop valued for its high protein content and dietary benefits. However, the coordination between metabolic accumulation and gene regulatory networks during seed development remains insufficiently understood, particularly how dynamic changes in primary and secondary metabolites drive developmental transitions and influence final seed quality. In this study, we performed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses at two developmental stages (30 and 45 days after anthesis, DAA) of two <em>V. faba</em> cultivars: the vegetable-type TongCanXian No.7 (TCX) and the grain-type QiDou No.2 (QD). A total of 868 metabolites were identified using widely targeted LC-MS/MS, of which 247 were differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Key enriched pathways included flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters. RNA-seq profiling generated 37,457 unigenes, and 9862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the thresholds of |log₂FC| > 1 and adjusted <em>p</em>-value <0.05. Among these, 34 DEGs and 19 DAMs were co-enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Notably, genes such as <em>CHS</em>, <em>F3H</em>, and <em>DFR</em> showed cultivar-specific expression patterns associated with flavonoid accumulation. This work provides new insights into the molecular basis of metabolite accumulation in faba bean seeds and highlights 34 key candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings offer a foundation for targeted genetic improvement of nutritional quality traits in faba bean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cloning and functional characterization of three cinnamate 4-hydroxylase isoforms from Marchantia polymorpha associated with UV-absorbing compounds production 三种肉桂酸4-羟化酶异构体的克隆与功能分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100558

Jiayi Yang, Jian Mo, Baoyun Shan, Xiaochun Qin, Haina Yu

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) catalyzes the second step of the phenylpropanoid pathway to generate precursor for phenolic compounds. As phenylpropanoid-derived specialized metabolites, Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds (UVACs) exhibit distinct UV-B absorption. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized three C4H homologs (MpCYP73A1, A2 and A3) from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed that all MpCYP73 isoforms maintain conserved cytochrome P450 domains characteristic of plant C4H enzymes. Heterologous expression of recombinant MpCYP73 isoforms in yeast microsomes confirmed their functional identity as cinnamate 4-hydroxylases (C4H, EC 1.14.14.91). The enzymes catalyzed trans-cinnamic acid and 3-hydroxycinnamic acid into p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, respectively. The three MpCYP73 isoforms exhibited distinct kinetic profiles, with MpCYP73A1 displaying the lowest K_m value for trans-cinnamic acid and MpCYP73A3 showing the highest affinity for 3-hydroxycinnamic acid. Furthermore, their catalytic activities toward both substrates also demonstrated marked variation. In addition, MpCYP73A1 displayed the highest transcript abundance, positively correlating with UVACs accumulation. Furthermore, UV-B treatment significantly induced the expression of MpCYP73s and enhanced the total content of methanol-soluble UVACs. These findings provide a basis for further investigation on the critical regulatory role of MpCYP73 isoforms in UVACs biosynthesis in M. polymorpha.

肉桂酸4-羟化酶（C4H）催化苯丙酸途径的第二步生成酚类化合物的前体。作为类苯丙烷衍生的特殊代谢物，紫外线吸收化合物（UVACs）表现出明显的UV- b吸收。本研究从地茅中克隆了3个C4H同源物（MpCYP73A1、A2和A3），并对其进行了功能表征。生物信息学分析证实，所有MpCYP73亚型都保持植物C4H酶特征的保守细胞色素P450结构域。重组MpCYP73亚型在酵母微粒体中的异源表达证实了它们作为肉桂酸4-羟化酶的功能特性（C4H, EC 1.14.14.91）。这些酶分别催化反式肉桂酸和3-羟基肉桂酸生成对香豆酸和咖啡酸。MpCYP73的3个亚型表现出不同的动力学特征，其中MpCYP73A1对反式肉桂酸的Km值最低，MpCYP73A3对3-羟基肉桂酸的Km值最高。此外，它们对两种底物的催化活性也表现出明显的差异。此外，MpCYP73A1的转录物丰度最高，与UVACs积累呈正相关。此外，UV-B处理显著诱导了MpCYP73s的表达，增加了甲醇溶性UVACs的总含量。这些发现为进一步研究MpCYP73亚型在多形霉UVACs生物合成中的关键调控作用提供了基础。

{"title":"Cloning and functional characterization of three cinnamate 4-hydroxylase isoforms from Marchantia polymorpha associated with UV-absorbing compounds production","authors":"Jiayi Yang, Jian Mo, Baoyun Shan, Xiaochun Qin, Haina Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) catalyzes the second step of the phenylpropanoid pathway to generate precursor for phenolic compounds. As phenylpropanoid-derived specialized metabolites, Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds (UVACs) exhibit distinct UV-B absorption. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized three C4H homologs (MpCYP73A1, A2 and A3) from the liverwort <em>Marchantia polymorpha.</em> Bioinformatic analyses confirmed that all MpCYP73 isoforms maintain conserved cytochrome P450 domains characteristic of plant C4H enzymes. Heterologous expression of recombinant MpCYP73 isoforms in yeast microsomes confirmed their functional identity as cinnamate 4-hydroxylases (C4H, EC 1.14.14.91). The enzymes catalyzed <em>trans</em>-cinnamic acid and 3-hydroxycinnamic acid into <em>p</em>-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, respectively. The three MpCYP73 isoforms exhibited distinct kinetic profiles, with MpCYP73A1 displaying the lowest <em>K</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> value for <em>trans</em>-cinnamic acid and MpCYP73A3 showing the highest affinity for 3-hydroxycinnamic acid. Furthermore, their catalytic activities toward both substrates also demonstrated marked variation. In addition, <em>MpCYP73A1</em> displayed the highest transcript abundance, positively correlating with UVACs accumulation. Furthermore, UV-B treatment significantly induced the expression of <em>MpCYP73s</em> and enhanced the total content of methanol-soluble UVACs. These findings provide a basis for further investigation on the critical regulatory role of MpCYP73 isoforms in UVACs biosynthesis in <em>M. polymorpha</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipoxygenases: The gatekeepers in plant resilience against biotic stress 脂氧合酶：植物抗生物胁迫能力的守门人

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100557

Manisha Yadav , Srishti Satija , Saurabh Awasthi , Indrakant K. Singh , Archana Singh

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are widely distributed, non-heme iron-containing oxidoreductase enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), synthesizing cis- and trans-pentadienes with conjugated double bonds. These hydroperoxides serve as precursors for oxylipin synthesis, which include jasmonates and GLV (Green Leaf Volatiles), that govern important defense and development reactions. LOXs exhibit wide distribution across taxa and display structural and functional diversity, reflecting their evolutionary significance. Recent advances in LOX research have provided insights into their tissue-specific localization, structural organization, catalytic mechanism, and reannotation of the angiospermic LOX gene families based on evolutionary descent and oxidation specificity (LOX13, LOX9_A, LOX9_B). LOXs are often categorised based on their spatial selectivity for oxidizing unsaturated fatty acids. LOX-mediated pathways are critical in shaping plant immunity against a broad spectrum of biotic stresses, including bacterial, fungal, nematode, and herbivore attacks, often through crosstalk with other phytohormonal signaling networks such as salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-amplified responses that link membrane lipid remodeling to transcriptional defense programs. This review summarises the distribution, structure, catalysis, and signaling mechanisms of LOXs and crucial role of 9-LOX and 13-LOX pathways in combating pathogenic bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and herbivores where LOX perturbations modulate resistance, hypersensitive cell death, stomatal immunity, reactive oxygen signaling and defense gene expression. Exploring the potential of LOXs as defense agents against biotic stresses, and their contribution towards enhancing plant tolerance and resistance mechanisms, is worthwhile for crop improvement.

脂氧化酶（LOXs）是一种分布广泛的非血红素含铁氧化还原酶，它催化多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的氧化，合成具有共轭双键的顺式和反式戊二烯。这些氢过氧化物是氧化脂素合成的前体，其中包括茉莉酸盐和GLV（绿叶挥发物），它们控制着重要的防御和发育反应。lox在不同分类群中分布广泛，具有结构和功能多样性，反映了其进化意义。近年来LOX研究的最新进展为基于进化血统和氧化特异性（LOX13, LOX9_A, LOX9_B）的被子植物LOX基因家族的组织特异性定位、结构组织、催化机制和重新注释提供了新的见解。lox通常根据其对氧化不饱和脂肪酸的空间选择性进行分类。lox介导的途径在形成植物免疫抵御广泛的生物胁迫（包括细菌、真菌、线虫和食草动物的攻击）方面至关重要，通常通过与其他植物激素信号网络（如水杨酸、脱落酸、油菜素内酯和Ca2+/钙调素放大反应）的串聊，将膜脂重塑与转录防御程序联系起来。本文综述了LOX的分布、结构、催化和信号机制，以及9-LOX和13-LOX通路在对抗致病菌、真菌、线虫和食草动物中的重要作用，其中LOX扰动调节抗性、超敏细胞死亡、气孔免疫、活性氧信号和防御基因表达。探索LOXs作为生物胁迫防御剂的潜力及其在提高植物耐受性和抗性机制方面的贡献，对作物改良具有重要意义。

{"title":"Lipoxygenases: The gatekeepers in plant resilience against biotic stress","authors":"Manisha Yadav , Srishti Satija , Saurabh Awasthi , Indrakant K. Singh , Archana Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are widely distributed, non-heme iron-containing oxidoreductase enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), synthesizing cis- and trans-pentadienes with conjugated double bonds. These hydroperoxides serve as precursors for oxylipin synthesis, which include jasmonates and GLV (Green Leaf Volatiles), that govern important defense and development reactions. LOXs exhibit wide distribution across taxa and display structural and functional diversity, reflecting their evolutionary significance. Recent advances in LOX research have provided insights into their tissue-specific localization, structural organization, catalytic mechanism, and reannotation of the angiospermic LOX gene families based on evolutionary descent and oxidation specificity (LOX13, LOX9_A, LOX9_B). LOXs are often categorised based on their spatial selectivity for oxidizing unsaturated fatty acids. LOX-mediated pathways are critical in shaping plant immunity against a broad spectrum of biotic stresses, including bacterial, fungal, nematode, and herbivore attacks, often through crosstalk with other phytohormonal signaling networks such as salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids and Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-amplified responses that link membrane lipid remodeling to transcriptional defense programs. This review summarises the distribution, structure, catalysis, and signaling mechanisms of LOXs and crucial role of 9-LOX and 13-LOX pathways in combating pathogenic bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and herbivores where LOX perturbations modulate resistance, hypersensitive cell death, stomatal immunity, reactive oxygen signaling and defense gene expression. Exploring the potential of LOXs as defense agents against biotic stresses, and their contribution towards enhancing plant tolerance and resistance mechanisms, is worthwhile for crop improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38041,"journal":{"name":"Plant Gene","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant Gene最新文献