{"title":"Enterocolitis y otras manifestaciones de toxicidad gastrointestinal asociada a inmunoterapia y terapia blanco: una revisión para el gastroenterólogo","authors":"O. Gómez-Escudero","doi":"10.1016/j.rgmx.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Newer oncologic therapies, particularly immunotherapy (IT), have been a game-changer for the treatment of advanced cancer. The so-called checkpoint inhibitors act by increasing T cell activity and individual immune response against neoplastic cells. Targeted therapy is another form of IT that acts by inhibiting oncogenes or tumor-related inflammatory and angiogenesis pathways. However, these tumor-destruction mechanisms may interfere with host self-tolerance or with normal tissue repair mechanisms and increase the risk of immune-related adverse events that may affect multiple organs, including the digestive system. Gastrointestinal toxicity ranges from mild forms of mucositis, ulcerations, and in severe cases, to necrosis and perforation, and may affect any part of the GI tract, with a predominance of enterocolonic damage, similar to that seen in inflammatory bowel disease. The most common clinical manifestation is chronic diarrhea. Differential diagnosis includes opportunistic enteropathogen-associated diarrhea, particularly opportunistic agents, drug adverse effects, and other inflammatory and malabsorptive entities. Treatment varies according to the grade of toxicity and may include antidiarrheal medication and outpatient rehydration in mild cases, systemic steroids, and temporary withdrawal of IT in moderate forms, and immunosuppressant or biologic agents, as well as definitive withdrawal of IT, in severe cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51767,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037509062300109X/pdfft?md5=59ded1b757ced973632cc843ee8c109a&pid=1-s2.0-S037509062300109X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037509062300109X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Newer oncologic therapies, particularly immunotherapy (IT), have been a game-changer for the treatment of advanced cancer. The so-called checkpoint inhibitors act by increasing T cell activity and individual immune response against neoplastic cells. Targeted therapy is another form of IT that acts by inhibiting oncogenes or tumor-related inflammatory and angiogenesis pathways. However, these tumor-destruction mechanisms may interfere with host self-tolerance or with normal tissue repair mechanisms and increase the risk of immune-related adverse events that may affect multiple organs, including the digestive system. Gastrointestinal toxicity ranges from mild forms of mucositis, ulcerations, and in severe cases, to necrosis and perforation, and may affect any part of the GI tract, with a predominance of enterocolonic damage, similar to that seen in inflammatory bowel disease. The most common clinical manifestation is chronic diarrhea. Differential diagnosis includes opportunistic enteropathogen-associated diarrhea, particularly opportunistic agents, drug adverse effects, and other inflammatory and malabsorptive entities. Treatment varies according to the grade of toxicity and may include antidiarrheal medication and outpatient rehydration in mild cases, systemic steroids, and temporary withdrawal of IT in moderate forms, and immunosuppressant or biologic agents, as well as definitive withdrawal of IT, in severe cases.
期刊介绍:
La Revista de Gastroenterología de México es el órgano oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. Sus espacios están abiertos a los miembros de la Asociación como a todo miembro de la comunidad médica que manifieste interés por utilizar este foro para publicar sus trabajos, cumpliendo con las políticas editoriales que a continuación se mencionan. El objetivo principal de la Revista de Gastroenterología de México, es publicar trabajos originales del amplio campo de la gastroenterología, así como proporcionar información actualizada y relevante para el área de la especialidad y áreas afines. Los trabajos científicos incluyen las áreas de Gastroenterología clínica, endoscópica, quirúrgica y pediátrica.