Investigating the impact of nutritional insufficiency on parahippocampal neurons in domestic chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Journal of chemical neuroanatomy Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102401
Adarsh Kumar , Kavita Tamta , Hemlata Arya , Shweta Arya , Ram Chandra Maurya
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Abstract

Over time, scientists have been fascinated by the complex connections among nutrition, brain development, and behavior. It's been well understood that the brain's peak performance relies on having the right nutrients available. Thus, nutritional insufficiency, where an organism lacks vital nutrients crucial for optimal growth and function, can upset the body's balance, potentially triggering stress responses. However, our grasp of how the brain reacts to insufficient nutrition, particularly in avian species like domestic chickens, has shown inconsistencies in our understanding. Domestic chickens have frequently served as subjects for studying memory and learning, primarily focusing on the hippocampus—a region highly responsive to environmental changes. Yet, another critical brain region, the parahippocampal region, integral to memory and spatial cognition, had received relatively little attention concerning the consequences of inadequate nutrition and hydration. To address this knowledge gap, our study sought to investigate the impact of stress induced by nutritional insufficiency on the neuronal cells within the region parahippocampalis in two distinct age groups of domestic chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus: fifteen and thirty days old. We employed the Golgi-Cox-Impregnation technique to explore whether the structural characteristics of neuronal cells, specifically the dendritic spines, underwent changes under transient stressful conditions during these crucial developmental stages. The results were intriguing. Stress evidently induced observable alterations in the dendritic spines of the parahippocampal neuronal cells, with the extent of these changes being age-dependent. In fifteen-day-old chickens, stress prompted substantial modifications in the dendritic spines of parahippocampal multipolar and pyramidal neurons. In contrast, among thirty-day-old chickens, the response to stress was less comprehensive, with only specific parahippocampal multipolar neurons displaying such alterations. These findings underscored the influential role of stress in reshaping the structure of parahippocampal neurons and emphasized the importance of considering age when studying the impact of stress on the brain. Through this research, we aim to enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between stress, brain structure, and the critical role of adequate nutrition, especially during pivotal developmental stages. Our future research objectives include a deeper investigation into the intracellular events including cellular and molecular mechanisms precipitating these changes and determining whether these alterations have downstream effects on crucial brain functions like learning and memory.

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研究营养不足对家鸡海马旁神经元的影响
长期以来,科学家们一直对营养、大脑发育和行为之间的复杂联系着迷。人们已经清楚地认识到,大脑的最佳表现有赖于适当的营养。因此,营养不足,即机体缺乏对最佳生长和功能至关重要的营养物质,会破坏机体平衡,可能引发应激反应。然而,我们对大脑如何对营养不足做出反应的了解并不一致,尤其是在家鸡等禽类物种中。家鸡经常作为研究记忆和学习的对象,主要集中在海马区--一个对环境变化高度敏感的区域。然而,另一个与记忆和空间认知密不可分的关键脑区--海马旁区--在营养和水分不足的后果方面受到的关注却相对较少。为了填补这一知识空白,我们的研究试图调查营养不足引起的应激对两个不同年龄组(15 天龄和 30 天龄)家鸡海马旁区域神经细胞的影响。我们采用了高尔基-考克斯浸渍技术来探讨在这些关键的发育阶段,神经元细胞的结构特征,特别是树突棘,是否会在短暂的应激条件下发生变化。研究结果耐人寻味。应激明显诱导了海马旁神经元细胞树突棘发生可观察到的变化,这些变化的程度与年龄有关。在 15 日龄的鸡中,应激导致海马旁多极神经元和锥体神经元的树突棘发生显著变化。相比之下,三十天龄的鸡对应激的反应不那么全面,只有特定的海马旁多极神经元显示出这种变化。这些发现强调了应激在重塑海马旁神经元结构中的影响作用,并强调了在研究应激对大脑的影响时考虑年龄因素的重要性。通过这项研究,我们希望进一步了解压力、大脑结构之间错综复杂的相互作用,以及充足营养的关键作用,尤其是在关键的发育阶段。我们未来的研究目标包括更深入地调查细胞内事件,包括引发这些变化的细胞和分子机制,并确定这些变化是否会对学习和记忆等关键大脑功能产生下游影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
3.60%
发文量
87
审稿时长
62 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy publishes scientific reports relating the functional and biochemical aspects of the nervous system with its microanatomical organization. The scope of the journal concentrates on reports which combine microanatomical, biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural approaches. Papers should offer original data correlating the morphology of the nervous system (the brain and spinal cord in particular) with its biochemistry. The Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is particularly interested in publishing important studies performed with up-to-date methodology utilizing sensitive chemical microassays, hybridoma technology, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and receptor radioautography, to name a few examples. The Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is the natural vehicle for integrated studies utilizing these approaches. The articles will be selected by the editorial board and invited reviewers on the basis of their excellence and potential contribution to this field of neurosciences. Both in vivo and in vitro integrated studies in chemical neuroanatomy are appropriate subjects of interest to the journal. These studies should relate only to vertebrate species with particular emphasis on the mammalian and primate nervous systems.
期刊最新文献
Editorial Board Retraction notice to “Astrocyte response to melatonin treatment in rats under high-carbohydrate high-fat diet” [J. Chem. Neuroanat. 136 (2024) 102389] Retraction notice to “Coenzyme Q10 attenuates neurodegeneration in the cerebellum induced by chronic exposure to tramadol” [J. Chem. Neuroanat. 135 (2024) 102367] Retraction notice to “Maternal diabetes-induced alterations in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the developing rat hippocampus” [J. Chem. Neuroanat. 114(2021) 101946] Retraction notice to “Aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus protects against oxidative stress and misfiring of dopaminergic neurons in Paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease-like model of adult Wistar rats” [J. Chem. Neuroanat. 135 (2024) 102365]
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