Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of Trichomonas gallinae in Columbidae: Insights from a comprehensive analysis

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100918

Yu Liu , Haiming Cai , Dingai Wang , Shenquan Liao , Nanshan Qi , Juan Li , Zhuanqiang Yan , Hanqin Shen , Siyun Fang , Minna Lv , Xuhui Lin , Yongle Song , Junjing Hu , Yibin Zhu , Xiangjie Chen , Lijun Yin , Jianfei Zhang , Yaqiong Guo , Mingfei Sun

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Abstract

Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoa that parasitizes the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of various animals and birds, including Columbidae, Passeriformes, and Falconiformes. Polymerase chain reaction-based T. gallinae ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 gene typing yields inconsistent results owing to methodological differences. To standardize the statistical analysis of T. gallinae genotype distributions, this study employed MEGA-X software with the Tamamura 3-parameter (T92) + G model in the neighbor-joining method, with 2,000 bootstrap replicates, to calculate a systematic evolutionary tree. The resulting tree comprised 12 branches, ITS-OBT-Tg-1 to ITS-OBT-Tgl, with similar phylogenetic relationships. Relevant literature review yielded T. gallinae prevalence data in Columbidae. Statistical analysis was conducted from two perspectives: non-biological and biological factors, using chi-square tests and ordered logistic regression analysis. T. gallinae positivity rates differed significantly across diverse regions (χ² = 4,609.9, P = 0.000, df = 4) and at various times (χ² = 2,810.8, P = 0.000, df = 3). However, temperature and precipitation did not significantly affect T. gallinae positivity rates. Additionally, T. gallinae positivity rates differed significantly among diverse hosts (χ² = 2,958.6, P = 0.000, df = 14) and by host age (χ² = 478.5, P = 0.000, df = 2) and sex (χ² = 96.00, P = 0.000, df = 1). This comprehensive analysis aimed to control T. gallinae transmission, reduce economic and species resource losses, and provide a foundation for future related research.

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鸟科五倍子毛滴虫的基因型多样性和流行病学：综合分析的启示

五倍子毛滴虫（Trichomonas gallinae）是一种原生动物，寄生于各种动物和鸟类的上消化道和呼吸道，包括哥伦布科（Columbidae）、雀形目（Passeriformes）和隼形目（Falconiformes）。由于方法上的差异，基于聚合酶链式反应的五倍子虫 ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 基因分型得出的结果并不一致。为规范五倍子基因型分布的统计分析，本研究采用 MEGA-X 软件，以 Tamamura 3 参数（T92）+ G 模型为邻接法，计算出系统进化树。结果树包括 12 个分支，从 ITS-OBT-Tg-1 到 ITS-OBT-Tgl，具有相似的系统发育关系。通过查阅相关文献，获得了 T. gallinae 在哥伦布科中的流行率数据。采用卡方检验和有序逻辑回归分析法，从非生物因素和生物因素两个角度进行了统计分析。不同地区（χ2 = 4,609.9, P = 0.000, df = 4）和不同时间（χ2 = 2,810.8, P = 0.000, df = 3）的 T. gallinae 阳性率有显著差异。然而，气温和降水对五倍子幼虫的阳性率没有明显影响。此外，T. gallinae 阳性率在不同寄主之间（χ2 = 2,958.6, P = 0.000, df = 14）以及寄主年龄（χ2 = 478.5, P = 0.000, df = 2）和性别（χ2 = 96.00, P = 0.000, df = 1）有显著差异。该综合分析旨在控制五倍子传播，减少经济和物种资源损失，并为今后的相关研究奠定基础。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

113

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (IJP-PAW) publishes the results of original research on parasites of all wildlife, invertebrate and vertebrate. This includes free-ranging, wild populations, as well as captive wildlife, semi-domesticated species (e.g. reindeer) and farmed populations of recently domesticated or wild-captured species (e.g. cultured fishes). Articles on all aspects of wildlife parasitology are welcomed including taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution, ecology and epidemiology, population biology and host-parasite relationships. The impact of parasites on the health and conservation of wildlife is seen as an important area covered by the journal especially the potential role of environmental factors, for example climate. Also important to the journal is ''one health'' and the nature of interactions between wildlife, people and domestic animals, including disease emergence and zoonoses.