International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"Waterborne protozoan and microsporidian parasites in Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber)","authors":"Júlia Šmigová ,&nbsp;Viliam Šnábel ,&nbsp;Serena Cavallero ,&nbsp;Ľubomír Šmiga ,&nbsp;Ingrid Papajová ,&nbsp;Bohumil Sak ,&nbsp;Nikola Holubová ,&nbsp;Martin Kváč","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eurasian beaver (<em>Castor fiber</em>) is an expanding species in Europe in recent decades due to reintroductions and natural population growth. Beavers expanded rapidly in the second half of the 20th century, and their expansion was particularly rapid in the Danube basin. Nowadays, the majority of the continuous population located in the central and eastern parts of the continent and a large disjunct population in Norway and Sweden. Despite the increasing population size, the role of the beaver as a source of waterborne pathogens is not firmly established or is often inferred from circumstantial data. In order to extend knowledge about the composition of the parasite fauna of beavers occurring in Slovakia, 21 faecal samples taken near their burrows from three sites (located in the Topľa, Poprad and Danube river basin) were examined microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR-positive specimens were further examined by DNA sequencing. Parasites were detected in 21% of the examined beavers, specifically the protozoa <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. (n = 2), <em>Blastocystis</em> sp. (n = 1), and microsporidia <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em> (n = 1) and <em>Encephalitozoon</em> spp. (n = 1). Using the sequence analysis, two variants of <em>Cryptosporidium proliferans</em>, a new subtype of <em>Blastocystis</em> sp., genotype D of <em>E. bieneusi</em> and <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em> were identified. A putatively novel <em>Blastocystis</em> subtype (ST), originated from a site near the Danube river (southwestern Slovakia), was proposed based on high genetic divergence from the closest described subtype ST12 (11.9%) and unique phylogenetic position in a clade composed of ST's 35–38. The increased risk of zoonotic transmission or transmission to other animals was particularly evident in the site near the Topľa river (northeastern Slovakia), where fungal spores of zoonotic genotype D of <em>E. bieneusi</em> and <em>E. intestinalis</em>, together with oocysts of the potentially zoonotic <em>C. proliferans</em>, were found.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of intestinal parasite prevalence in brown bears (Ursus arctos) revealed by a 3-year survey on the Shiretoko peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Mizuki Moriyoshi ,&nbsp;Naoki Hayashi ,&nbsp;Nariaki Nonaka ,&nbsp;Ryo Nakao ,&nbsp;Masami Yamanaka ,&nbsp;Toshio Tsubota ,&nbsp;Michito Shimozuru","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the parasite fauna of wild brown bears and differences in the likelihood of parasite detection by season (summer vs autumn), year, and host factors (sex and age class). From June 2022 to November 2024, 334 fecal samples were collected from the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, and examined for parasites using the centrifugal flotation technique. Fecal DNA analysis and data from a long-term field monitoring survey led to the identification of 49 individuals, which were further classified based on sex and age. Parasites detected in the feces included <em>Uncinaria</em> sp. (35.0% of total samples), <em>Baylisascaris transfuga</em> (13.5%), <em>Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis</em> (8.4%), Strongylida (2.7%), Capillariidae (0.6%), and coccidia (0.6%). The prevalence of detection for <em>D. nihonkaiensis</em> tended to be higher in autumn (September–November) than in summer (May–August). The likelihood of <em>B. transfuga</em> and <em>Uncinaria</em> sp. detection varied by season, year, and bear age class. The likelihood of <em>B. transfuga</em> detection was significantly higher in autumn than in summer, and tended to be higher in young bears (0–2 years) than in subadult/adult (≥3 years) bears, whereas that of <em>Uncinaria</em> sp. was significantly higher in summer than in autumn and in subadult/adult than in young bears. Egg shedding by these three parasites tended to disappear before or during hibernation. These results suggest that the likelihood of parasite detection in brown bear reflects the interactions of environmental and host factors, including seasonal and/or annual changes in diet, winter hibernation, and host growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal parasites infecting free-ranging primates in Colombia: Morphological and molecular evidence","authors":"Silvia Rondón ,&nbsp;Serena Cavallero ,&nbsp;Andrés Link ,&nbsp;Camila González ,&nbsp;Stefano D'Amelio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intestinal protozoan and metazoan parasites of public health concern have been found infecting non-human primates (NHPs). Since zoonotic parasite transmission can be linked to ecosystem transformation due to close contact between human and NHPs, this study aimed to morphologically identify intestinal parasites infecting NHPs living in seven forest fragments in Colombia and to molecularly characterise selected parasite taxa of zoonotic interest (<em>Giardia</em> sp. and <em>Ascaris</em> sp.). Building on and updating previous parasite surveys on free-ranging platyrrhines, 212 faecal samples were collected from wild <em>Alouatta seniculus, Ateles hybridus, Aotus griseimembra, Cebus versicolor, Saimiri cassiquiarensis</em>, and <em>Sapajus apella</em>. Flotation and faecal smears were performed in order to identify parasites based on morphological characteristics. Samples microscopically classified as positive for <em>Giardia</em> sp. and <em>Ascaris</em> sp. were then processed for molecular characterisation. Amplification of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and the 18S genes was done for <em>Giardia</em> sp., while for <em>Ascaris</em> sp. a PCR-RPLF of the entire ITS region was carried out. About 96% of the samples were positive for intestinal parasites, including: protozoans (<em>Blastocystis</em> sp., <em>Balantidium</em> sp., <em>Dientamoeba fragilis-</em>like, <em>Entamoeba</em> sp., <em>Giardia</em> sp., <em>Eimeria</em> sp.), nematodes (<em>Ascaris</em> sp., strongyliform larvae, <em>Trypanoxyuris</em> sp., Ancylostomatidae), trematodes (<em>Controrchis</em> sp., Trematoda), cestodes (<em>Hymenolepis</em> sp., Cestoda), and acanthocephalans. By microscopy, the prevalence of <em>Giardia</em> sp. and <em>Ascaris</em> sp. was 16.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Later on, <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> (Assemblages A and B) and <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> were identified through molecular techniques. This study provides new information of intestinal parasites infecting free-ranging NHPs exposed to anthropogenic disturbance. The finding of parasites with zoonotic potential suggests epidemiological implications in NHP conservation and human health, at the human-NHP interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Diplothrix legata (Rodentia: Muridae) in Tokunoshima Island, Japan","authors":"Keita Sakashita ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Tokiwa ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Suzuki ,&nbsp;Taisei I ,&nbsp;Mariko Suzuki ,&nbsp;Asahi Itoi ,&nbsp;Masami Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Hisashi Yoshimura","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ryukyu long-furred rat, <em>Diplothrix legata</em> (Rodentia: Muridae), is an endangered species endemic to the Tokunoshima, Amami-Oshima, and Okinawajima Islands, which are part of Japan's southwestern islands. During the pathological examination of a deceased wild individual from Tokunoshima Island, lymphoma and infection with three nonnative parasites, <em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em> (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae)<em>, Trichosomoides crassicauda</em> (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae)<em>,</em> and <em>Hydatigera taeniaeformis</em> (Cestoda: Taeniidae), were identified. Among these, <em>A. cantonensis</em> is a zoonotic species, with invasive rats as the final hosts and mollusks as intermediate hosts. Although the presence of <em>A. cantonensis</em> has been widely reported across the southwestern islands of Japan, this is the first record of this species on the Tokunoshima Island. With this study, <em>A. cantonensis</em> infection in wild <em>D. legata</em> is now confirmed in populations from all three islands where this species is found.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemogregarines in bufonid anurans from the Brazilian Amazon, with description a new species of Lankesterella (Apicomplexa: Lankesterellidae)","authors":"Tássio Alves-Coêlho ,&nbsp;Darlison Chagas-de-Souza ,&nbsp;Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas ,&nbsp;Germán Alfredo Gutiérrez-Liberato ,&nbsp;Lívia Perles ,&nbsp;Amir Alabi ,&nbsp;Marcos Rogério André ,&nbsp;Lúcio André Viana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we describe, in an unprecedented way for the Brazilian Amazon, one Apicomplexa species infecting an anuran in Pará, Brazil, using an integrative approach that includes taxonomy, providing morphology, morphometrics, and molecular data. Samples were collected between February 2021 and February 2022 in the community of Curupira, municipality of Santarém, and in the industrial area of Marabá, both in Pará state. Specimens of <em>Rhinella marina</em> and <em>Rhinella diptycha</em> were captured by hand during the active search, and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. One blood aliquot was used to prepare blood smears for microscopical analysis and another aliquot for further molecular analyses. Of the five <em>R. marina</em> caught, one (20%) presented parasites morphologically compatible with the parasites belonging to the genus <em>Hepatozoon</em>, while of the three <em>R. diptycha</em> caught, one (33.3%) presented parasites morphologically compatible with the parasites belong to the genera <em>Lankesterella</em> and <em>Hemolivia</em>. Based on molecular data of <em>18S</em> rDNA sequences, the <em>Hepatozoon</em> sequence obtained clustered with other parasite species recovered from Brazilian amphibians. The <em>Lankesterella</em> sp. sequence was placed in a sister clade of <em>Lankesterella</em> species described in birds and close to <em>L. minima</em>, described in amphibians. All attempts to amplify <em>Hemolivia</em> parasite DNA were unsuccessful. We described <em>Lankesterella oliviacatarinae</em> n. sp. and reported infection by <em>Hepatozoon</em> sp. and <em>Hemolivia</em> sp. in bufonids anurans from the Brazilian Amazon. This study increases knowledge of Brazilian anuran hemoparasites and confirms the importance of using an integrative approach for the taxonomy of these parasite groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First identification of a patent pentastomid pulmonary (Raillietiella orientalis) infection in a captive Meller's chameleon (Trioceros melleri) in Germany","authors":"Paula Sapion-Miranda ,&nbsp;David Ebmer ,&nbsp;Edwin Kniha ,&nbsp;Julia Walochnik ,&nbsp;Saskia Dreyer ,&nbsp;Dominik Fischer ,&nbsp;Lisa Grund ,&nbsp;Anja Taubert ,&nbsp;Carlos Hermosilla ,&nbsp;Malek J. Hallinger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A female, zoo-housed, adult Meller's giant one-horned chameleon (<em>Trioceros melleri</em>) showed clinical symptoms including halitosis, obstipation, dysecdysis and shed pentastomid eggs with the faeces. After a patent pentastomiasis was diagnosed, the chameleon's condition worsened after repeated ivermectin treatments, and the animal was euthanized due to animal welfare reasons. The necropsy revealed that the lungs were infected with 29 adult pentastomid specimens. Based on morphological and ultrastructural characteristics pentastomids were identified as <em>Raillietiella orientalis</em>. Additionally, this species identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing (18S rRNA).</div><div>Pentastomid-infected insects, such as cockroaches, might play an important role in the transmission of <em>R</em>. <em>orientalis</em> as suitable obligate intermediate hosts. Another crucial factor to be considered is the importation of wild caught individuals, providing a potential source for numerous emerging infectious disease transmissions and parasite spillovers.</div><div>This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on a patent pulmonary <em>R. orientalis</em> infection in a captive chameleon. We call for further investigations on neglected pentastomid infections in chameleons and lizards kept as pets to better understand implications of this new host record and its possible role in transmission of emerging pentastomiasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative evidence reveals a new species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea), with the characterization of its complete mitochondrial genome","authors":"Hui-Xia Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-Xia Qiao ,&nbsp;Wen-Ting Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Gu ,&nbsp;Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Hysterothylacium</em> (Ascaridida: Raphidascarididae) is among the commonest groups of parasitic nematodes occurring in the digestive tract of marine fishes. In the present study, a new species of <em>Hysterothylacium</em>, <em>H. hainanense</em> sp. n. collected from <em>Uranoscopus tosae</em> (Jordan &amp; Hubbs) and <em>U. japonicus</em> Houttuyn (Perciformes: Uranoscopidae) in the Chinese waters was described using integrative methods, including light and scanning electron microscopy, and ASAP and BI analyses based on the ITS sequence data. The complete mitochondrial genome of the new species was sequenced and annotated, which represents the first mitogenomic data for the genus <em>Hysterothylacium</em>, and also for the family Raphidascarididae. The mitogenome of <em>H. hainanense</em> sp. n. is 14059 bp in length, including 12 protein coding genes (missing <em>atp</em>8), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 2 non-coding regions, which has 67.0% of overall A + T content, and represents the lowest level of A + T content in the ascaridoid mitogenomes reported so far. Molecular phylogenetic results suggested a close affinity between <em>H. hainanense</em> sp. n. and <em>H. fabri</em> in the genus <em>Hysterothylacium</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143320470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otodectes cynotis (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestations in Southern pudus (Pudu puda): In situ and ex situ data of an unexpected host-parasite record","authors":"Caroline Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Edwin Kniha ,&nbsp;Pamela Muñoz ,&nbsp;Ángelo Espinoza ,&nbsp;Laura Platner ,&nbsp;Saskia Dreyer ,&nbsp;Lisa Grund ,&nbsp;Zoë Tess Lara Lindhorst ,&nbsp;Ulrich Gärtner ,&nbsp;Julia Walochnik ,&nbsp;Anja Taubert ,&nbsp;Dominik Fischer ,&nbsp;Stephan Hering-Hagenbeck ,&nbsp;Carlos Hermosilla ,&nbsp;David Ebmer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Otodectes cynotis</em> (Acari: Psoroptidae) constitutes an obligate, non-burrowing ectoparasite and causes otodectic mange primarily in domestic and wild carnivores. Only few studies have described this parasite in herbivore hosts so far. In the current study, we report <em>O. cynotis</em> infestations in Southern pudus (<em>Pudu puda</em>), categorized in the IUCN red list as near threatened. <em>Otodectes cynotis</em> was detected in free-ranging animals in Chile (<em>in situ</em>), as well as in zoo-housed pudus at the Zoo Wuppertal, Germany (<em>ex situ</em>). During clinical work, two free-ranging pudus temporarily rehabilitated at the Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre (CEREFAS), Valdivia, Chile, were observed with low to moderate yellowish-brown secretions and encrustations inside the pinna and external auditory canal accompanied by an inflammatory <em>Otitis externa</em>. Analysis via light microscopy exhibited the presence of mange mites, which were identified as <em>O. cynotis</em> via morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. At the Zoo Wuppertal, ear mites were detected in 15 pudus between 2015 and 2024, however, a definite species identification (<em>O. cynotis</em>) was carried out in 4 animals within the current study between 2023 and 2024. Some affected pudus showed bald spots around the ears and the head and exhibited headshaking behavior, whilst others were asymptomatic. In some cases, mites were found as a secondary finding when clinical examination under general anesthesia was performed for other reasons. To the best of our knowledge, this signifies the first report of <em>O. cynotis</em> infestations in pudus by combining morphological and molecular identification. We here present clinical <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> data and show that zoological gardens and widlife rehabilitation centers play an important role in research and monitoring of neglected wildlife diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic risks and conservation challenges: Gastrointestinal parasites in wild mammals of Chitwan National Park, Nepal","authors":"Babita Maharjan ,&nbsp;Payal Jain ,&nbsp;Narayan Prasad Koju","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) pose a significant threat to wildlife health and biodiversity, impacting reproductive activities, behavior, survival, and population dynamics. Identifying parasitic infections in wild animals can help to mitigate extinction risk and support conservation efforts. This study investigates the prevalence, diversity, and zoonotic risks of GIPs in six large wild mammals in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Fresh fecal samples were collected between December 2022 and April 2023 and examined using direct wet mount and concentration methods. By analyzing 63 fecal samples: Royal Bengal Tiger (<em>Panthera tigris</em>) (n = 7), Asian elephant (<em>Elephus maximus</em>) (n = 9), One-horned rhinoceros (<em>Rhinoceros unicornis</em>) (n = 10), Sloth bear (<em>Melursus ursinus</em>) (n = 9), Spotted deer (<em>Axis axis</em>) (n = 25), and Rhesus Monkey (<em>Macaca mullata</em>) (n = 3), we identified 19 GIP types: 3 protozoan species (<em>Balantioides coli, Isospora</em> spp.<em>,</em> and coccidia) and 16 helminth species, revealing an 85.7% infection rate. Helminths had a higher prevalence (85.7%) than protozoans (22%). Among helminths, nematodes were the most prevalent (69.8%) followed by trematodes (38.0%) and cestodes (17.4%). Eleven types of nematodes, three types of cestodes, and two types of trematodes were recorded. Multiple infections were more common than single infections. The high prevalence of GIPs indicates a major health issue that could affect species survival and conservation efforts in Chitwan National Park, highlighting the need for proactive conservation and health monitoring strategies for conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal helminth infections and ectoparasitism in wild rodents along wildlife-human interfaces in Tanzania","authors":"Venance T. Msoffe ,&nbsp;Claus A. Thomas ,&nbsp;Alfan A. Rija ,&nbsp;Jahashi Nzalawahe ,&nbsp;Abdul S. Katakweba ,&nbsp;Gerald Misinzo ,&nbsp;Ladslaus L. Mnyone","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gastrointestinal parasites pose a significant threat to human and domestic animal health across Africa. Despite numerous studies on ectoparasitism and endoparasitism in small mammals across different regions of the continent, the ecological role of rodents in transmission dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal helminths in rodents and evaluate the influence of host-related factors, ectoparasite infestations, and environmental variables on helminth prevalence at wildlife-human interfaces in Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gastrointestinal helminth eggs were quantified using the modified McMaster method on samples from captured rodents. Correlations between parasitological data, host scaled mass index (SMI), and ectoparasite intensity were analyzed. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were employed to assess helminth occurrence in relation to host demographics, ectoparasite load, and environmental factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths was 53.59%. Seven distinct helminth egg types were identified, representing two major taxa: nematodes and cestodes. Among the nematodes, eggs of <em>Trichuris</em> spp., <em>Strongyloides</em> spp., <em>Syphacia</em> spp., Capillariidae and Spirurida were identified. Cestode eggs present were <em>Hymenolepis</em>-like eggs and eggs of Anoplocephalidae. Whipworms (<em>Trichuris</em> spp.) exhibited the highest prevalence (23.2%), followed by threadworms (<em>Strongyloides</em> spp.) at 22.1%. Anoplocephalid eggs showed the lowest prevalence, at 0.56%. The occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in rodents was significantly associated with increased SMI and ectoparasite (flea and mite) infestations, while also varying across rodent species and collection sites.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the presence of potentially zoonotic helminths, including capillariids and <em>Hymenolepis</em>-like species, in rodents at wildlife-human interfaces. Furthermore, it identifies associations between gastrointestinal helminth infections and host body condition, as well as the intensity of ectoparasite infestations. These findings underscore the importance of considering host and environmental factors in understanding helminth transmission dynamics and their potential impact on public and veterinary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}