Climatology of Dayside E-Region Zonal Neutral Wind Shears From ICON-MIGHTI Observations

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.1029/2023sw003670
Minjing Li, Yue Deng, Brian J. Harding, Scott England
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Abstract

Large vertical shears in the E-region neutral zonal winds can lead to ion convergences and contribute to plasma irregularities, but climatological studies of vertical shears of horizontal winds in a global scale are lacking due to the limitations of data coverage. The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) has provided neutral wind observations with an unprecedented spatial coverage. In this study, the climatology of dayside E-region neutral wind shears has been examined using 2-years’ data (2020–2021). Specifically, the study focuses on large wind shears with a magnitude larger than 20 m/s/km, since large wind shears are more likely to cause significant perturbation in the ionosphere-thermosphere (I-T) system. The results show that the probability of occurrence of large shears is strongly dependent on the altitude, with the vertical profile varying with shear direction, latitude, season, and local time. In general, below 110 km altitude, large negative shears of the eastward wind are most likely to happen during summer at 8–10 LT in 25°N–40°N latitudes, showing a high probability across nearly all longitudes. Meanwhile, large positive shears tend to occur in 10°S–10°N latitudes, with peak probabilities exhibiting roughly consistent longitudinal structures across 8–10 LT in all seasons. The discrepancies between positive and negative large shear distributions underlie different global tidal influences. The large-shear occurrence probabilities above 110 km are generally small, except in latitudes above 25°N during the winter for positive shears.
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根据 ICON-MIGHTI 观测数据绘制的东区日侧地带性中性风切变气候图
E 区域中性带状风中的巨大垂直切变会导致离子辐合,并造成等离子体的不规则性,但由于数据覆盖范围的限制,缺乏对全球范围水平风垂直切变的气候学研究。电离层连接探测器(ICON)全球高分辨率热层成像迈克尔逊干涉仪(MIGHTI)以前所未有的空间覆盖范围提供了中性风观测数据。在本研究中,利用两年的数据(2020-2021 年)研究了日侧 E 区域中性风切变的气候学。具体而言,研究侧重于幅度大于 20 m/s/km 的大风切变,因为大风切变更有可能对电离层-热层(I-T)系统造成显著扰动。结果表明,大风切变出现的概率与高度密切相关,垂直剖面随切变方向、纬度、季节和当地时间而变化。一般来说,在 110 千米高度以下,东风大负切变最有可能发生在 25°N-40°N 纬度的夏季 8-10 LT,几乎所有经度的概率都很高。与此同时,大的正切变往往发生在南纬 10°-北纬 10°,其峰值概率在所有季节的 8-10 LT 显示出基本一致的纵向结构。正负大切变分布的差异是全球潮汐影响不同的结果。除冬季北纬 25 度以上纬度的正切变外,110 千米以上的大切变出现概率普遍较小。
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