Using 6-CIT, P300 encephalography, and pro-inflammation assessments for screening age-related cognitive decline and exploring associated risk factors in Egyptian elderly

Mai S. Saleh, Asmaa F. Galal, Sara F. Sallam, Noha A. Mowaad, Hala M. Zeidan, Adel Hashish, Hala R. Elhabashy, Ola A. Heikal
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Abstract

The elderly population is suffering from many mental health problems that are aggravated as a matter of age and cognitive decline is a serious one of them. The aim of the present work is to screen the cognitive performance among a sample of Egyptian elderly volunteers and to investigate the associated risk factors. A sample of 88 elderly volunteers from both genders was enrolled in the study according to the specified eligibility criteria after signing the approval consent. Medical history and socio-demographic data were collected from all participants in addition to basic clinical examination. Cognitive performance was assessed using the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) while the endogenous event-related potentials (ERP) was measured using P300. The inflammatory biomarkers; TNF-α and COX-2 levels were assessed in serum using ELISA technique in addition to gene expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and CD-36 exploration using qRT-PCR. About half (51%) of the sample under investigation showed cognitive problems with scores on the 6-CIT exceeding the normal level. TNF-α serum levels showed positive correlation with P300 latency and correlated negatively with P300 reaction time. Furthermore, serum COX-2 levels correlated positively with P300 reaction time and negatively with P300 amplitude. The study population is showing early signs of cognitive decline that invites attention to the importance of spreading preventive measures against further deterioration. Inflammatory biomarkers under investigation and 6-CIT are suggested to be used in prediction of early stages of cognitive decline among the elderly population.
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利用 6-CIT、P300 脑成像和促炎评估筛查埃及老年人与年龄相关的认知能力下降并探究相关风险因素
随着年龄的增长,老年人群的心理健康问题越来越多,认知能力下降就是其中一个严重的问题。本研究旨在对埃及老年志愿者样本的认知能力进行筛查,并对相关风险因素进行调查。根据规定的资格标准,88 名男女老年志愿者在签署批准同意书后被纳入研究样本。除基本临床检查外,还收集了所有参与者的病史和社会人口学数据。认知能力采用 6 项认知障碍测试(6-CIT)进行评估,内源性事件相关电位(ERP)采用 P300 进行测量。采用 ELISA 技术评估了血清中的炎症生物标志物 TNF-α 和 COX-2 水平,并采用 qRT-PCR 技术检测了 TNF-α、PPAR-γ 和 CD-36 的基因表达。调查样本中约有一半(51%)存在认知问题,6-CIT 评分超过正常水平。TNF-α血清水平与P300潜伏期呈正相关,与P300反应时间呈负相关。此外,血清 COX-2 水平与 P300 反应时间呈正相关,与 P300 振幅呈负相关。该研究人群出现了认知能力衰退的早期迹象,因此需要采取预防措施,防止认知能力进一步衰退。建议将调查中的炎症生物标志物和 6-CIT 用于预测老年人群认知能力衰退的早期阶段。
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