Seed morphometry and fatty acid profile in oilseed and non-oilseed sunflower cultivars

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochemical Systematics and Ecology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2024.104805

Seyed Mehdi Talebi , Niloufar Darbandi , Fatemeh Naziri , Alex Matsyura

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Abstract

Sunflowers are a globally cultivated crop, valued for their oil-rich seeds and diverse nutrient content. This study delved into the morphological traits and fatty acid profiles of 14 oilseed and non-oilseed sunflower cultivars from Iran. We assessed 10 qualitative and quantitative seed characteristics and analyzed the seed oil using gas chromatography after n-hexane extraction. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS and PAST software. The study revealed significant variations in seed morphological characteristics among the cultivars, with certain traits exhibiting strong correlations. Non-oilseed cultivars displayed larger dimensions and weight compared to oilseed cultivars. The seed oils were primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), with linoleic (C18:2(9c, 12c)) and oleic (C18:1(9c)) acids being the dominant polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively, in all cultivars except Diamantis, which showed an inverse pattern. The total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) content was below 18%, with palmitic acid (C16:0) as the primary SFA and stearic acid (C18:0) as the secondary compound in all cultivars, except for Ghassem, which exhibited a reverse pattern. Notable correlations between various fatty acids and morphological traits highlighted the influence of phenotype on oil chemical composition. Using the UPGMA tree, the cultivars were categorized into five chemotype groups. The PCA-biplot revealed distinct chemical compound characteristics for some groups, aligning with an earlier classification of sunflower cultivars based on C18:1(9c) content. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the seed morphological, chemical characteristics and significant correlations between quantitative traits and fatty acid composition. Moreover, highlight their potentials for targeted breeding programs to develop sunflower cultivars with desirable traits for both the food and oil industries. However, these results suggest that these oils possess varying potential for culinary or industrial applications, emphasizing the importance of considering fatty acid composition when selecting oil for specific purposes.

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油籽和非油籽向日葵栽培品种的籽粒形态和脂肪酸谱

向日葵是一种全球栽培作物，因其富含油脂的种子和多样的营养成分而备受青睐。本研究深入研究了伊朗 14 个油籽和非油籽向日葵栽培品种的形态特征和脂肪酸谱。我们评估了 10 种种子的定性和定量特征，并在正己烷萃取后使用气相色谱法分析了种子油。使用 SPSS 和 PAST 软件进行了统计分析。研究表明，不同栽培品种的种子形态特征存在显著差异，某些性状表现出很强的相关性。与油籽栽培品种相比，非油籽栽培品种的尺寸和重量更大。种子油主要由不饱和脂肪酸（UFAs）组成，亚油酸（C18:2(9c, 12c)）和油酸（C18:1(9c)）分别是所有栽培品种中最主要的多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸，只有迪亚曼蒂斯（Diamantis）的情况相反。饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）总含量低于 18%，除 Ghassem 表现出相反的模式外，其他所有栽培品种都以棕榈酸（C16:0）为主要饱和脂肪酸，硬脂酸（C18:0）为次要饱和脂肪酸。各种脂肪酸与形态特征之间的显著相关性突出表明了表型对油脂化学成分的影响。利用 UPGMA 树将栽培品种分为五个化学型组。PCA 双平面图显示了一些组的不同化合物特征，这与早先根据 C18:1(9c) 含量对向日葵栽培品种进行的分类一致。总之，本研究的结果为种子形态、化学特征以及数量性状与脂肪酸组成之间的显著相关性提供了宝贵的见解。此外，研究还突出了它们在有针对性的育种计划中的潜力，以开发具有理想性状的向日葵栽培品种，用于食品和油脂行业。不过，这些结果表明，这些油在烹饪或工业应用方面具有不同的潜力，强调了在选择用于特定用途的油时考虑脂肪酸组成的重要性。

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来源期刊

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 生物-进化生物学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

147

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Biochemical Systematics and Ecology is devoted to the publication of original papers and reviews, both submitted and invited, in two subject areas: I) the application of biochemistry to problems relating to systematic biology of organisms (biochemical systematics); II) the role of biochemistry in interactions between organisms or between an organism and its environment (biochemical ecology). In the Biochemical Systematics subject area, comparative studies of the distribution of (secondary) metabolites within a wider taxon (e.g. genus or family) are welcome. Comparative studies, encompassing multiple accessions of each of the taxa within their distribution are particularly encouraged. Welcome are also studies combining classical chemosystematic studies (such as comparative HPLC-MS or GC-MS investigations) with (macro-) molecular phylogenetic studies. Studies that involve the comparative use of compounds to help differentiate among species such as adulterants or substitutes that illustrate the applied use of chemosystematics are welcome. In contrast, studies solely employing macromolecular phylogenetic techniques (gene sequences, RAPD studies etc.) will be considered out of scope. Discouraged are manuscripts that report known or new compounds from a single source taxon without addressing a systematic hypothesis. Also considered out of scope are studies using outdated and hard to reproduce macromolecular techniques such as RAPDs in combination with standard chemosystematic techniques such as GC-FID and GC-MS.