Tracing the source of iron bloom slags and iron ores excavated from archaeological sites in Chungju area, South Korea

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geosciences Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI:10.1007/s12303-024-0001-9
Jaeguk Jo, Seojin Kim, Dongbok Shin, Heonkyung Im, Jinah Lim
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Abstract

Iron ores and iron bloom slags from two iron archaeological sites (Chilgeumdong: 300–600 AD, Wanori: ∼20th century) as well as iron ores from six iron deposits in Chungju, South Korea, were examined to assess the provenance of the raw iron ores. Different ore mineralogy proves to be a useful tool in interpreting the ore provenance of samples from the iron archaeological sites, although limited by the simplicity of the assemblage. The application of Ca + Al + Mn vs. Ti + V diagram for classifying the genetic type of magnetite suggests that the iron ores of the iron archaeological sites may have originated from multiple deposits. Comparing the chondrite-normalized REE patterns and the correlation between Lan and Cen in iron ores and iron bloom slags aids in determining the provenance of samples from the iron archaeological sites. Despite notable deviations, the use of Pb-Sr isotope ratios as a means of identifying the origin of unprocessed iron ores proves to be a meaningful approach. Based on our findings, it appears that the iron ores discovered at archaeological sites were typically sourced from nearby iron deposits like Changdong, Yeonsudong, Daekyo, and possibly Manjeong. This preference for local sources as opposed to more distant ones, such as Obok and Yusang, seems to have remained a constant throughout various historical epochs, spanning from the Baekjae to the Joseon period. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrated interpretation of various complementary approaches, including ore petrography, trace and rare earth element geochemistry, and Pb-Sr isotope analysis, in determining the provenance of raw iron ores excavated from iron archaeological sites.

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追溯韩国忠州地区考古遗址出土的铁矿渣和铁矿石的来源
本研究檢驗了兩個鐵器考古遺址(Chilgeumdong:公元 300-600 年;Wanori:20 世紀∼)的鐵礦石和鐵礦渣,以及南韓忠州六個鐵礦床的鐵礦石,以評估鐵原礦的產地。事实证明,不同的矿石矿物学是解释铁器考古遗址样本矿石来源的有用工具,尽管受限于组合的简单性。应用 Ca + Al + Mn vs. Ti + V 图来划分磁铁矿的基因类型,表明铁器遗址的铁矿石可能来自多个矿床。比较铁矿石和铁矿渣中的软玉归一化 REE 模式以及 Lan 和 Cen 之间的相关性,有助于确定铁考古遗址样本的来源。尽管存在明显偏差,但利用铅-锶同位素比值来确定未加工铁矿石的来源证明是一种有意义的方法。根据我们的研究结果,在考古遗址中发现的铁矿石通常来自附近的铁矿床,如昌洞、莲花洞、大教,可能还有万井。与较远的铁矿石来源(如鄂卜克和禹相)相比,这种对本地铁矿石来源的偏好似乎在从百济到朝鲜时期的各个历史时期都保持不变。总之,这项研究证明了综合解释各种互补方法(包括矿石岩相学、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学以及铅锶同位素分析)在确定铁器考古遗址出土的生铁矿石来源方面的有效性。
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来源期刊
Geosciences Journal
Geosciences Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
33
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Geosciences Journal opens a new era for the publication of geoscientific research articles in English, covering geology, geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, environmental geology, economic geology, petroleum geology, hydrogeology, remote sensing and planetary geology.
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