Predicting the Number of Forest and Land Fire Hotspot Occurrences Using the ARIMA and SARIMA Methods

Abstract

Forests are an area and part of the environmental cycle that is very important for survival because forests are areas on Earth that regulate the balance of the ecosystem. Forest fires rank second only to illegal logging in Indonesia's list of forest destruction causes. Forest fires can occur due to two factors, namely natural and human factors. Therefore, the hotspot factor that can cause forest fires is an independent variable. The population of hotspots in the West Kalimantan region in 2020 amounted to 1,416 spots. This study aims to predict the number of hotspot occurrences on land and forests that cause fires before the fires spread and are challenging to overcome or extinguish. The method to indicate the number of hotspot occurrences uses the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) methods. Modeling ARIMA (0,1,1) and SARIMA (0,1,1) (2,2,1)12 obtained Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) evaluation results for ARIMA of 6.61 while SARIMA of 7.61. The ARIMA's Mean Squared Error (MSE) evaluation value is 43.70, and the SARIMA is 58.05. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ARIMA model provides excellent and accurate performance in describing the trend of hotspot events that will occur in the future with a smaller RMSE value compared to SARIMA.