First Nations pre-LGM ochre processing in Parramatta, NSW, Australia

IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Archaeology in Oceania Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI:10.1002/arco.5313
Timothy Owen, Simon Munt, Sam Player, Phillip Toms, Jamie Wood
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Abstract

Previous archaeological evidence and published analysis has suggested that ochre was first used in the Sydney Basin around 9000 years ago, and that the Parramatta region may not have been occupied by First Nations peoples before ∼14 ka. We present new evidence which firmly places both events before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Multiple ochre fragments, two with microscopically visible evidence of anthropogenic grinding, were recovered from the George Street Gatehouse site within the Parramatta Sand Body (PSB) at Parramatta. The ground ochre was associated with a pit feature buried within the PSB and dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) between ∼35 and 30 ka. This find is the earliest evidence for ochre processing in the Sydney Basin by some 25000 years. A previous model for the region had proposed that occupation prior to and during the LGM was focussed on the Hawkesbury-Nepean River corridor as a refugium, with only equivocal evidence of occupation prior to ∼14 ka at Parramatta (Williams et al., 2021). We propose that the Parramatta River could also have acted as a refugium for people moving through and occupying the now-drowned Pleistocene coastal zone; and that those people used ochre in their symbolic expressions.

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澳大利亚新南威尔士州帕拉马塔的原住民 LGM 前赭石加工厂
以前的考古证据和已发表的分析报告表明,悉尼盆地大约在 9000 年前开始使用赭石,而帕拉马塔地区在 14 ka 以前可能还没有被原住民占领。我们提出了新的证据,将这两个事件都确定在末次冰川极盛时期(LGM)之前。在帕拉马塔的乔治街门楼遗址(Parramatta Sand Body,PSB)中发现了多块赭石碎片,其中两块在显微镜下可以看到人为打磨的痕迹。磨碎的赭石与埋藏在帕拉马塔沙体(PSB)中的一个坑洞有关,经光激发发光(OSL)测定,其年代介于 ∼35 和 30 ka 之间。这一发现是悉尼盆地 25000 年前最早的赭石加工证据。该地区之前的一个模型提出,在远古时期之前和期间,人们主要集中在霍克斯伯里-聂潘河走廊,将其作为一个避难所,只有在帕拉马塔 ∼14 ka 之前的占领证据不明确(Williams 等人,2021 年)。我们认为,帕拉马塔河也可能是人们迁徙和占据现已被淹没的更新世沿海地区的避难所;这些人在其象征性表达中使用了赭石。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Archaeology in Oceania is published online and in print versions three times a year: April, July, October. It accepts articles and research reports in prehistoric and historical archaeology, modern material culture and human biology of ancient and modern human populations. Its primary geographic focus is Australia, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and lands of the western Pacific rim. All articles and research reports accepted as being within the remit of the journal and of appropriate standard will be reviewed by two scholars; authors will be informed of these comments though not necessarily of the reviewer’s names.
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