HIV-1 Myeloid Reservoirs - Contributors to Viral Persistence and Pathogenesis.

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Current HIV/AIDS Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1007/s11904-024-00692-2
Edna A Ferreira, Janice E Clements, Rebecca T Veenhuis
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Abstract

Purpose of review: HIV reservoirs are the main barrier to cure. CD4+ T cells have been extensively studied as the primary HIV-1 reservoir. However, there is substantial evidence that HIV-1-infected myeloid cells (monocytes/macrophages) also contribute to viral persistence and pathogenesis.

Recent findings: Recent studies in animal models and people with HIV-1 demonstrate that myeloid cells are cellular reservoirs of HIV-1. HIV-1 genomes and viral RNA have been reported in circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages from the brain, urethra, gut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, viral outgrowth assays have quantified persistent infectious virus from monocyte-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages. The myeloid cell compartment represents an important target of HIV-1 infection. While myeloid reservoirs may be more difficult to measure than CD4+ T cell reservoirs, they are long-lived, contribute to viral persistence, and, unless specifically targeted, will prevent an HIV-1 cure.

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HIV-1 髓细胞储库--病毒持续存在和发病机制的贡献者。
审查目的:艾滋病毒储库是治愈的主要障碍。作为主要的 HIV-1 库,CD4+T 细胞已被广泛研究。然而,大量证据表明,HIV-1 感染的髓样细胞(单核细胞/巨噬细胞)也对病毒的持续存在和发病机制做出了贡献:最近对动物模型和 HIV-1 感染者的研究表明,髓系细胞是 HIV-1 的细胞储库。据报道,在循环单核细胞和来自大脑、尿道、肠道、肝脏和脾脏的组织驻留巨噬细胞中存在 HIV-1 基因组和病毒 RNA。重要的是,病毒增殖试验对单核细胞衍生巨噬细胞和组织驻留巨噬细胞中的持续感染病毒进行了量化。髓系细胞是 HIV-1 感染的一个重要目标。虽然髓系细胞储库可能比 CD4+ T 细胞储库更难测量,但它们寿命长,有助于病毒的持续存在,除非有针对性,否则将阻碍 HIV-1 的治愈。
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来源期刊
Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Current HIV/AIDS Reports INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
2.20%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as antiretroviral therapies, behavioral aspects of management, and metabolic complications and comorbidity. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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