Current HIV/AIDS Reports最新文献

Purpose of review: Asset mapping aims to engage members of a community to explore and map assets that are solutions to social issues such as homelessness or access to health care. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the scope of asset mapping as an approach to HIV care cascade outcomes, synthesize available evidence on this method's application in research, and identify opportunities for future interventions and research based in this methodology. This scoping review follows the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Databases used were: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus. Only articles featuring studies targeting the HIV care cascade were included. Our focus was studies that explored, described, or mapped tangible or intangible assets, employed a strengths-based approach, and addressed capacity to develop solutions. Several researchers independently reviewed all abstracts and full text articles.

Recent findings: A total of 305 articles were found. After removal of duplicates, 207 articles remained. From the title and abstract review, 189 articles (91%) were excluded, leaving 18 studies to be assessed for inclusion. Of these, 10 studies were included. Five studies intentionally conducted asset mapping and 5 were not intentional but results revealed assets. Tangible assets included churches, transportation routes, libraries, and parks. Intangible assets included strengthening health routines, self-reflection, social relationships, and community engagement. Future research should shift to methods that identify strengths and assets of communities affected by HIV and AIDS.

Despite global efforts to combat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) still claims one life every minute, underscoring the persistent need for improved control strategies. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) technologies have emerged as promising tools that may transform HIV management. The objective of this review is to summarise recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas-based approaches for HIV prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, and to evaluate their potential and current challenges. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant CRISPR/Cas applications in HIV infection. In prevention, CRISPR/Cas strategies aim to hinder viral integration and enhance host immune response, although substantial development is required before clinical translation. In diagnosis, CRISPR/Cas methods show high specificity and sensitivity, yet their reliance on specialised equipment and expertise limits their accessibility. In HIV monitoring, CRISPR/Cas-based methods have not yet demonstrated superiority over the quantitative PCR. In treatment, two ongoing clinical trials - one targeting a viral co-receptor on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the other excising proviral DNA - illustrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cures, despite challenges such as low editing efficiency and off-target effects. Overall, CRISPR/Cas technologies hold considerable promise for advancing HIV management, but issues of accessibility, affordability, and scalability must be addressed to ensure global impact.

Purpose of review: HIV co-infection worsens chronic hepatitis B progression, leading to more aggressive disease and higher risk of liver-related death. This review addresses the role of HBV cccDNA, responsible for viral persistence, and the related gaps in knowledge in the perspective of obtaining an HBV cure with special focus on HIV/HBV co-infection.

Recent findings: HIV/HBV co-infected patients under ART show persistence of transcriptionally active cccDNA. High incidence of HBsAg loss after ART initiation suggests that intrahepatic immune reconstitution might break immune-tolerance to HBV. Open questions remain on the interaction between the two viruses and the liver microenvironment and on the role of emerging serum biomarkers of HBV liver reservoir in co-infected individuals. To clarify HIV/HBV interactions, more advanced models and larger patient cohorts are needed. Insights into cccDNA biology will guide innovative therapies, improving clinical management and access to new HBV cure strategies for co-infected individuals.

The availability and global scale-up of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a fatal infection to a chronic disease. While long-term survival is a positive development for people living with HIV (PLWH), the increased life expectancy comes with age-related comorbidities. These comorbidities affect PLWH at relatively earlier ages than the general population, and examples include cardiometabolic conditions, renal toxicity, lung and respiratory dysfunction, neurocognitive deficits, malignancy, and oral/dental pathology. Anticipatory management of early markers of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be especially advantageous for children and adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV (CAPHIV), the vast majority of whom live in low-and middle-income countries. However, evidence for the mechanisms underlying age-related comorbidities in PLWH and implications for CAPHIV represent a still-emerging area of investigation. In this article, we review the current literature on comorbidities and age-related conditions experienced by CAPHIV, discuss the role of inflammation and chronic immune activation, and highlight accelerated biological aging and/or disruptions to the microbiome as underlying mechanisms. We recommend that HIV clinical care and health policy should reflect evidence on aging and comorbidities to optimize growth, development, and long-term health for CAPHIV globally.

Purpose of review: This scoping review aims to identify and characterize analytic methods used to investigate digital communication related to HIV.

Recent findings: Of the 106 articles detailed in this review published before February 2025, just over half of the articles investigated HIV prevention, and the vast majority used social media data. Articles primarily employed qualitative methods, most often thematic analysis. Articles employing quantitative methods used a range of methods including topic modeling, training classifiers, and sentiment analysis. There were also many articles that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. A wide range of methods have been employed to analyze HIV-related digital communication. As best practices continue to be established, future research can innovate in the application of both qualitative and quantitative methods, leverage digital communication to better understand lived experience of HIV treatment and HIV-related stigma, and ensure this research is done in accordance with high ethical standards.

Purpose of review: We searched PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 that discussed PrEP at HBCUs. We sought to examine PrEP research, with a focus on PrEP implementation strategies, at HBCUs. Two authors reviewed titles, abstracts, and full texts against the inclusion criteria. Six articles were included in this review.

Recent findings: Two studies focused on formative PrEP research, two on organizational readiness, and three on post-implementation outcomes. Formative research showed PrEP is acceptable to HBCU students, though barriers like stigma and side effects, along with facilitators such as personal PrEP stories, impact intention. Organizational readiness to implement PrEP varied, with resource levels affecting implementation. Despite challenges, PrEP interventions were shown to be effective at increasing PrEP knowledge and behavioral intention. There is a need to enhance PrEP implementation at HBCUs, while considering varying campus resources.

Purpose of review: We examine the current understanding of the multidisciplinary aspects of hepatitis B cure research, such as socio-behavioral sciences, ethics, community engagement, and translational and implementation science.

Recent findings: The peer-reviewed literature on the multi-disciplinary aspects of HBV cure research is gradually expanding, although several areas still require attention. These deficiencies include: the acceptability of HBV treatment discontinuations, HBV-related stigma, the impact of co-infections (e.g., HIV), and the translation of discoveries to resource-limited settings. This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary framework that bridges socio-behavioral sciences, ethics, community engagement, and translational and implementation science to help ensure the development of an effective, acceptable, scalable and equitable HBV cure.

Purpose of review: Despite declining numbers of new pediatric HIV infections and advancements in treatment for children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV), barriers remain. Comprehensive care for CALHIV in low- and middle-income countries is challenged by limited treatment options, unique psychosocial challenges, and caregiver reliance. Successful care relies on understanding the unique developmental needs, as well as their vulnerabilities to treatment failure and HIV drug resistance.

Recent findings: CALHIV lag behind adults in meeting global UNAIDS targets. Increasing availability of pediatric fixed dose combinations (FDC) of abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG) may address some challenges but providing alternatives should be prioritized. Emerging evidence has demonstrated pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) are more prevalent in CALHIV. While novel therapies are in development, access remains a concern. Increased child and adolescent-friendly treatment options are needed to provide quality life-long comprehensive care to CALHIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Expanded research and access to novel therapies is key to close treatment gaps between CALHIV and their adult counterparts and address emerging HIV drug resistance.