A Bilayer Method for Measuring Toughness and Strength of Dental Ceramics.

Journal of dental research Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1177/00220345231225445
H Chai, J Russ, S Vardhaman, C H Lim, Y Zhang
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Abstract

The ever-increasing usage of ceramic materials in restorative dentistry necessitates a simple and effective method to evaluate flexural strength σF and fracture toughness KC. We propose a novel method to determine these quantities using a bilayer specimen composed of a brittle plate adhesively bonded onto a transparent polycarbonate substrate. When this bilayer structure is placed under spherical indentation, tunneling radial cracks initiate and propagate in the lower surface of the brittle layer. The failure analysis is based on previous theoretical relationships, which correlate σF with the indentation force P and layer thickness d, and KC with P and mean length of radial cracks. This work examines the accuracy and limitations of this approach using a wide range of contemporary dental ceramic materials. The effect of layer thickness, indenter radius, load level, and length and number of radial cracks are carefully examined. The accuracy of the predicted σF and KC is similar to those obtained with other concurrent test methods, such as biaxial flexure and 3-point bending (σF), and bending specimens with crack-initiation flaws (KC). The benefits of the present approach include treatment for small and thin plates, elimination of the need to introduce a precrack, and avoidance of dealing with local material nonlinearity effects for the KC measurements. Finally, the bilayer configuration resembles occlusal loading of a ceramic restoration (brittle layer) bonded to a posterior tooth (compliant substrate).

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测量牙科陶瓷韧性和强度的双层法
随着陶瓷材料在牙科修复中的应用日益广泛,需要一种简单有效的方法来评估抗弯强度 σF 和断裂韧性 KC。我们提出了一种新颖的方法,利用由粘接在透明聚碳酸酯基底上的脆性板组成的双层试样来确定这些量。当这种双层结构被置于球形压痕下时,隧道径向裂纹在脆性层的下表面开始并扩展。失效分析基于之前的理论关系,即 σF 与压入力 P 和层厚度 d 相关,KC 与 P 和径向裂纹平均长度相关。这项研究使用了多种当代牙科陶瓷材料,检验了这种方法的准确性和局限性。仔细研究了层厚、压头半径、载荷水平以及径向裂纹长度和数量的影响。预测的 σF 和 KC 的准确性与其他同时进行的测试方法相似,如双轴弯曲和三点弯曲 (σF),以及带有裂纹引发缺陷的弯曲试样 (KC)。本方法的优点包括:可处理小而薄的板材,无需引入预裂纹,以及在 KC 测量中避免处理局部材料非线性效应。最后,双层结构类似于将陶瓷修复体(脆性层)粘结到后牙(顺应性基底)上的咬合加载。
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