Lessons of History: Appealing to the Experience of the Crimean War on the Pages of the Military Press during the Revolutionary Crisis of 1905–1907

IF 0.4 4区综合性期刊 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1134/s1019331623090034

A. Yu. Fomin

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Abstract

An attempt is undertaken to analyze the controversy that unfolded among Russian officers around the results of the Russo–Japanese War. In the context of the stated topic, special attention is paid to the consideration of the discussion participants’ appeals to the experience of the Crimean War and its historical memory. The comparison of these two military conflicts seemed very relevant to contemporaries owing to the similar historical context and their results, disappointing for Russia. However, while the defeat in the Crimean War, according to the ideas established in the historical memory of that time, covered Russian weapons with glory, in the events of the war in the Far East, contemporaries found little reason to console wounded national pride. After all, this time Russia was defeated not by a powerful European coalition but by an Asian country that until recently had not been perceived as an equal subject in international relations. In addition to heroic mythology, the memory of the Crimean War was also closely linked with the subsequent Great Reforms of Emperor Alexander II. The hope for national revival, which was supposed to begin after the humiliating defeat that clearly demonstrated the internal crisis, was the pragmatic political meaning of turning to the memory of the Crimean War for many Russian officers who survived the Russo–Japanese War.

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历史的教训：在 1905-1907 年革命危机期间的军事报刊上呼吁吸取克里米亚战争的经验

摘要本文试图分析俄罗斯军官围绕日俄战争结果展开的争论。在所述主题的背景下，特别关注了讨论参与者对克里米亚战争经历及其历史记忆的呼吁。由于相似的历史背景及其结果，这两场军事冲突的比较似乎与同时代的人非常相关，但结果却令俄罗斯失望。然而，根据当时历史记忆中的观念，克里米亚战争的失败为俄罗斯的武器披上了光荣的外衣，而在远东战争事件中，同时代的人们却没有找到什么理由来安慰受伤的民族自尊心。毕竟，这一次俄罗斯被击败的不是强大的欧洲联军，而是一个直到最近仍未被视为国际关系中平等主体的亚洲国家。除了英雄神话之外，克里米亚战争的记忆还与亚历山大二世皇帝随后的伟大改革紧密相连。对许多在日俄战争中幸存下来的俄罗斯军官来说，对克里米亚战争的回忆具有实用的政治意义，他们希望在明确显示国内危机的耻辱性失败之后开始民族复兴。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

141

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences provides a broad coverage of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ activities. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions with participation of the members of Russian Academy of Sciences, leading scientists in Russia and worldwide and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world.