Flowering synchrony modulates pollinator sharing and places plant individuals along a competition–facilitation continuum

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Oikos Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1111/oik.10477
Blanca Arroyo‐Correa, Ignasi Bartomeus, Pedro Jordano
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Abstract

Indirect interactions among species within ecological communities govern ecological and evolutionary processes as much as, or even more, than direct effects. In insect‐pollinated plant communities, indirect interactions between plants can be mediated by shared pollinators, and may influence plant fitness, population growth and community structure. As individuals are the entities actually interacting in nature, rather than species, downscaling a hierarchical level (i.e. from species to individuals) is essential to understand the underlying processes promoting these indirect interactions. We combined empirical data on plant–pollinator interactions collected in Mediterranean shrublands with a novel modelling framework to assess how the patterns of heterospecific and conspecific pollinator sharing between plant individuals are generated and their fitness implications. We found that the effects of flowering synchrony on pollinator sharing among conspecific and heterospecific plant individuals outperformed those of spatial distance. Our results revealed that plant individuals that shared more pollinators with conspecifics were also involved in a higher pollinator sharing with heterospecifics. For most plant species, the sharing of pollinator species between heterospecific plant individuals produced positive mean fitness outcomes, as long as plants did not share many pollinator interactions, which had negative effects on their fitness. At the level of plant individuals, we found that specific combinations of conspecific and heterospecific pollinator sharing lead to distinct reproductive outcomes that placed each individual along a competition–facilitation continuum. Interestingly, most plant species included a higher proportion of individuals likely experiencing competition compared to those potentially involved in facilitation processes. Our contribution provides novel insights into the factors responsible for local‐scale indirect interactions within communities and their individual‐level functional consequences. Such intricate patterns of indirect interactions have far‐reaching implications, as the transitions of plant individuals along competitive or facilitative processes mediated by shared mutualists may contribute significantly to the functioning and coexistence of ecological communities.
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花期同步调节传粉者的分享,并将植物个体置于竞争-促进的连续体中
生态群落中物种之间的间接相互作用对生态和进化过程的影响不亚于甚至超过直接影响。在昆虫授粉的植物群落中,植物之间的间接相互作用可以通过共同的授粉者进行调解,并可能影响植物的适应性、种群增长和群落结构。由于个体是自然界中实际发生相互作用的实体,而不是物种,因此,要了解促进这些间接相互作用的基本过程,就必须降低层次(即从物种到个体)。我们将在地中海灌木丛中收集到的植物与授粉者相互作用的经验数据与一个新颖的建模框架相结合,以评估植物个体之间的异种和同种授粉者共享模式是如何产生的及其对适应性的影响。我们发现,开花同步性对同种植物个体和异种植物个体之间授粉者共享的影响优于空间距离的影响。我们的研究结果表明,与同种植物共享更多传粉媒介的植物个体,与异种植物共享的传粉媒介也更多。对于大多数植物物种来说,只要植物个体之间的授粉昆虫互作不多,异种植物个体之间的授粉昆虫互作就会产生积极的平均适合度结果,因为授粉昆虫互作会对其适合度产生负面影响。在植物个体层面,我们发现同种和异种授粉者共享的特定组合会导致不同的繁殖结果,使每个个体处于竞争-促进的连续统一体中。有趣的是,与可能参与促进过程的个体相比,大多数植物物种中可能经历竞争的个体比例更高。我们的研究成果为了解群落内局部范围间接相互作用的因素及其个体层面的功能后果提供了新的视角。这种错综复杂的间接相互作用模式具有深远的影响,因为植物个体在竞争或促进过程中的转变是由共同的互助者介导的,这可能会极大地促进生态群落的功能和共存。
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来源期刊
Oikos
Oikos 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.90%
发文量
152
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Oikos publishes original and innovative research on all aspects of ecology, defined as organism-environment interactions at various spatiotemporal scales, so including macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Emphasis is on theoretical and empirical work aimed at generalization and synthesis across taxa, systems and ecological disciplines. Papers can contribute to new developments in ecology by reporting novel theory or critical empirical results, and "synthesis" can include developing new theory, tests of general hypotheses, or bringing together established or emerging areas of ecology. Confirming or extending the established literature, by for example showing results that are novel for a new taxon, or purely applied research, is given low priority.
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