Landscape structures and stand attributes jointly regulate forest productivity

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Oikos Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1111/oik.10749
Hengchao Zou, Huayong Zhang
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Abstract

Forest productivity is a crucial integrator of ecosystem functions and services. Although the effects of landscape structure on species richness and stand structure have been extensively studied, how landscape structures affect forest productivity and their interactions with stand‐level attributes, especially in the context of considerable land use change, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of landscape structures (fragmentation, complexity, and heterogeneity) and their interactions with stand‐level attributes on forest productivity in the conterminous United States across three spatial scales (1–3 km), using an extensive forest inventory dataset from the national forest inventories (NFI) plots. Our results revealed that all landscape indices around selected forest plots significantly increased from 2006 to 2016. Across three scales, forest productivity and stand‐level attributes (number of trees, tree species richness, and structural diversity) exhibited unimodal relationships with landscape fragmentation and complexity, while generally showed positive correlations with landscape heterogeneity. The interactions between landscape structures and stand attributes enhanced the explanatory power of forest productivity. Landscape complexity directly or indirectly reduced forest productivity by decreasing the number of trees and tree species richness, whereas landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity had the opposite effects. Furthermore, landscape heterogeneity and stand age had relatively stronger total effects (the sum of direct and indirect effects) on forest productivity, and their strength increased modestly with spatial scales. However, tree species richness consistently had the lowest total effects. Our study elucidates the complex driving mechanisms of landscape patterns on forest productivity across spatial scales, providing a deeper understanding of ecosystem complexity and responses to accelerating land use changes.
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景观结构和林分属性共同调节森林生产力
森林生产力是生态系统功能和服务的关键整合因素。尽管景观结构对物种丰富度和林分结构的影响已被广泛研究,但景观结构如何影响森林生产力及其与林分属性的相互作用,尤其是在土地利用发生巨大变化的情况下,仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们利用国家森林资源清查(NFI)地块的广泛森林资源清查数据集,在三个空间尺度(1-3 公里)上调查了景观结构(破碎度、复杂度和异质性)及其与林分属性之间的相互作用对美国大陆森林生产力的影响。我们的研究结果表明,从 2006 年到 2016 年,所选林地周围的所有景观指数都显著增加。在三个尺度上,森林生产力和林分属性(树木数量、树种丰富度和结构多样性)与景观破碎度和复杂度呈单峰关系,而与景观异质性一般呈正相关关系。景观结构与林分属性之间的相互作用增强了森林生产力的解释力。景观复杂性通过减少树木数量和树种丰富度直接或间接地降低了森林生产力,而景观破碎度和异质性则产生了相反的影响。此外,景观异质性和林分年龄对森林生产力的总效应(直接效应和间接效应的总和)相对较强,且其强度随空间尺度的增加而适度增加。然而,树种丰富度的总效应始终最低。我们的研究阐明了跨空间尺度景观模式对森林生产力的复杂驱动机制,为深入了解生态系统的复杂性和对土地利用加速变化的响应提供了依据。
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来源期刊
Oikos
Oikos 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.90%
发文量
152
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Oikos publishes original and innovative research on all aspects of ecology, defined as organism-environment interactions at various spatiotemporal scales, so including macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Emphasis is on theoretical and empirical work aimed at generalization and synthesis across taxa, systems and ecological disciplines. Papers can contribute to new developments in ecology by reporting novel theory or critical empirical results, and "synthesis" can include developing new theory, tests of general hypotheses, or bringing together established or emerging areas of ecology. Confirming or extending the established literature, by for example showing results that are novel for a new taxon, or purely applied research, is given low priority.
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