Comprehensive pore structure characterization and permeability prediction of carbonate reservoirs using high-pressure mercury intrusion and X-ray CT

IF 1.1 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY Carbonates and Evaporites Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI:10.1007/s13146-024-00923-y

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Abstract

The heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs, influenced by sedimentary environments and diagenetic processes, leads to the development of microfractures and vugs, posing significant challenges for reservoir evaluation. This study investigates the complex pore structures of Y-type carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East. We assess the performance of classical permeability prediction models and introduce a novel approach that incorporates a bimodal pore size distribution (PSD) derived from High-Pressure Mercury Injection (HPMI) measurements, accounting for gas slip flow effects. Our results, based on CT imaging, categorize carbonate rock core samples into matrix, fracture, and vuggy. Matrix-type carbonate rocks show a strong correlation between permeability and pore-throat radius, while fracture-type carbonate rock cores exhibit weaker correlations. Traditional model permeability predictions without core categorization yield suboptimal results, with the Winland model achieving the highest R² of only 0.365. However, after categorization, classical model permeability predictions significantly improve in accuracy. Notably, the introduced bimodal Gaussian PSD model outperforms traditional permeability prediction models, with an R² of 0.8138, providing a valuable tool for predicting the permeability of carbonate rocks characterized by complex pore structures.

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利用高压汞侵入和 X 射线 CT 对碳酸盐岩储层进行全面的孔隙结构表征和渗透率预测

摘要受沉积环境和成岩过程的影响，碳酸盐岩储层的异质性导致了微裂缝和孔隙的发育，给储层评价带来了巨大挑战。本研究调查了中东地区 Y 型碳酸盐岩储层的复杂孔隙结构。我们评估了经典渗透率预测模型的性能，并引入了一种新方法，该方法结合了高压注汞（HPMI）测量得出的双峰孔径分布（PSD），考虑了气体滑移流动效应。我们的研究结果基于 CT 成像，将碳酸盐岩岩芯样本分为基质、断裂和岩浆岩三类。基质型碳酸盐岩显示出渗透率与孔喉半径之间的强相关性，而断裂型碳酸盐岩岩心则显示出较弱的相关性。在未对岩心进行分类的情况下，传统模型的渗透率预测结果并不理想，其中温兰模型的 R2 值最高，仅为 0.365。然而，经过分类后，经典模型渗透率预测的准确性明显提高。值得注意的是，引入的双峰高斯 PSD 模型优于传统的渗透率预测模型，其 R2 为 0.8138，为预测具有复杂孔隙结构特征的碳酸盐岩的渗透率提供了宝贵的工具。

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来源期刊

Carbonates and Evaporites 地学-地质学

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

14.30%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Established in 1979, the international journal Carbonates and Evaporites provides a forum for the exchange of concepts, research and applications on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. This includes the origin and stratigraphy of carbonate and evaporite rocks and issues unique to these rock types: weathering phenomena, notably karst; engineering and environmental issues; mining and minerals extraction; and caves and permeability. The journal publishes current information in the form of original peer-reviewed articles, invited papers, and reports from meetings, editorials, and book and software reviews. The target audience includes professional geologists, hydrogeologists, engineers, geochemists, and other researchers, libraries, and educational centers.