Microfacies and depositional environments from the new proposed Upper Cretaceous of Bourzal Formation (Ziban Mounts, Biskra, Eastern Saharan Atlas, Algeria)

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY Carbonates and Evaporites Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI:10.1007/s13146-024-01005-9
Mohammed Ilyas Bougoffa, Smaine Chellat, Amine Cherif, Abdelhakim Benkhedda
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Abstract

The newly introduced Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) Bourzal Formation, outcropped in the Ziban Mounts of the eastern Algerian Saharan Atlas near Biskra, presents a diverse sedimentary sequence approximately 235 m thick. This formation is characterized by alternating layers of carbonate, marl, and gypsum, reflecting dynamic depositional conditions during its formation, The Bourzal Formation is divided into two distinct informal units. The lower unit A, measuring 125 m, consists of thin to thick-bedded limestone interspersed with marl and gypsum beds. The upper unit B, spanning 110 m, is marked by alternating layers of fossiliferous marl, limestone, and dolostone. Detailed field surveys and microfacies analysis led to the identification of eight microfacies types within the formation. These microfacies correspond to three primary depositional environments: tidal flat, lagoon, and shoal. This variety in microfacies and environments indicates significant changes in depositional depth and energy conditions during the formation’s development. The overall depositional setting of the Bourzal Formation is interpreted as a homoclinal ramp, specifically the inner ramp zone. This interpretation is based on the observed facies associations and their vertical relationships. Relatively shallow water depths characterize the inner ramp setting and are typically influenced by wave and tidal processes, the alternation between carbonate-dominated and evaporite-bearing layers suggests fluctuations in sea level or climate conditions during deposition.

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新提出的布尔扎尔地层(阿尔及利亚东撒哈拉阿特拉斯比斯克拉兹班山)上白垩统的微地貌和沉积环境
在阿尔及利亚撒哈拉阿特拉斯东部靠近比斯克拉的齐班山出露的新引入的上白垩统(仙人掌迭纪-土龙纪)布尔扎尔地层呈现出多样化的沉积序列,厚度约为 235 米。该地层的特点是碳酸盐、泥灰岩和石膏层交替出现,反映了其形成过程中的动态沉积条件。下层 A 单元长 125 米,由薄层到厚层石灰岩组成,其间夹杂着泥灰岩和石膏层。上层单元 B 长 110 米,由含化石泥灰岩、石灰岩和白云石层交替组成。通过详细的实地勘测和微岩相分析,在地层中确定了八种微岩相类型。这些微岩相对应三种主要沉积环境:潮滩、泻湖和浅滩。微岩相和环境的多样性表明,在地层发育过程中,沉积深度和能量条件发生了显著变化。布尔扎尔地层的整体沉积环境被解释为同质斜坡,特别是内斜坡带。这一解释是基于观察到的岩相关联及其垂直关系。相对较浅的水深是内斜坡区的特征,通常受到波浪和潮汐过程的影响,以碳酸盐为主的地层和含蒸发岩的地层之间的交替表明沉积过程中海平面或气候条件的波动。
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来源期刊
Carbonates and Evaporites
Carbonates and Evaporites 地学-地质学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
70
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Established in 1979, the international journal Carbonates and Evaporites provides a forum for the exchange of concepts, research and applications on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. This includes the origin and stratigraphy of carbonate and evaporite rocks and issues unique to these rock types: weathering phenomena, notably karst; engineering and environmental issues; mining and minerals extraction; and caves and permeability. The journal publishes current information in the form of original peer-reviewed articles, invited papers, and reports from meetings, editorials, and book and software reviews. The target audience includes professional geologists, hydrogeologists, engineers, geochemists, and other researchers, libraries, and educational centers.
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