Pro-vegetarian dietary patterns and essential and heavy metal exposure in children of 4-5-years from the INfancia y medio Ambiente cohort (INMA)

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES International journal of hygiene and environmental health Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114344
Alejandro Oncina-Cánovas , Jesús Vioque , Gabriel Riutort-Mayol , Raquel Soler-Blasco , Amaia Irizar , Ziortza Barroeta , Ana Fernández-Somoano , Adonina Tardón , Martine Vrijheid , Mònica Guxens , Manus Carey , Caroline Meharg , Kathryn Ralphs , Coalain McCreanor , Andrew Meharg , Antonio J. Signes-Pastor
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Abstract

Dietary patterns provide a comprehensive assessment of food consumption, including essential nutrients and potential exposure to environmental contaminants. While pro-vegetarian (PVG) dietary patterns have shown health benefits in adults, their effects on children are less well studied. This study aims to explore the association between children's adherence to the most common PVG dietary patterns and their exposure to metals, assessed through urine concentration. In our study, we included a population of 723 children aged 4-5-years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) cohort in Spain. We calculated three predefined PVG dietary patterns, namely general (gPVG), healthful (hPVG), and unhealthful (uPVG), using dietary information collected through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Urinary concentrations of various essential and heavy metals (Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Pb, and Cd) were measured using mass spectrometry. Additionally, urinary arsenic speciation, including arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and inorganic arsenic (iAs), was measured. The sum of urinary MMA and iAs was used to assess iAs exposure. We estimated primary (PMI) and secondary iAs methylation (SMI) indices. To explore the association between PVG dietary patterns in quintiles and metal exposure, we utilized multiple-adjusted linear regression models and the quantile g-computation approach. Compared with the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile of gPVG showed a 22.7% lower urinary Co (95% confidence interval (CI): −38.7; −1.98) and a 12.6% lower Se (95%CI: −22.9; −1.00) concentrations. Second quintile of adherence to hPVG was associated with a 51.7% lower urinary iAs + MMA concentrations (95%CI: −74.3; −8.61). Second quintile of adherence to an uPVG was associated with a 13.6% lower Se levels (95%CI: −22.9; −2.95) while the third quintile to this pattern was associated with 17.5% lower Mo concentrations (95%CI: −29.5; −2.95). The fourth quintile of adherence to gPVG was associated with a 68.5% higher PMI and a 53.7% lower SMI. Our study showed that adherence to a gPVG dietary pattern in childhood may modestly reduce the intakes of some essential metals such as Co and Se. Further investigations are warranted to explore any potential health implications.

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来自 "健康与环境"(INMA)队列的 4-5 岁儿童的亲荤膳食模式及必需品和重金属暴露情况
膳食模式提供了对食物消费的全面评估,包括必需营养素和潜在的环境污染物暴露。虽然亲素食(PVG)膳食模式对成人的健康有益,但对儿童的影响研究较少。本研究旨在通过尿液浓度评估,探讨儿童坚持最常见的荤素搭配饮食模式与他们接触金属之间的关系。在这项研究中,我们从西班牙的环境与健康研究所(INMA)队列中选取了 723 名 4-5 岁的儿童作为研究对象。我们通过有效的食物频率调查问卷收集饮食信息,计算出三种预定义的 PVG 饮食模式,即一般(gPVG)、健康(hPVG)和不健康(uPVG)。采用质谱法测量了尿液中各种必需金属和重金属(钴、铜、锌、硒、钼、铅和镉)的浓度。此外,还测量了尿中砷的种类,包括砷甜菜碱(AsB)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、单甲基砷酸(MMA)和无机砷(iAs)。尿液中 MMA 和 iAs 的总和用于评估 iAs 暴露。我们估算了一级(PMI)和二级 iAs 甲基化(SMI)指数。为了探究五分位数的 PVG 膳食模式与金属暴露之间的关系,我们采用了多重调整线性回归模型和五分位数 g 计算方法。与最低五分位数相比,gPVG 最高五分位数的参与者的尿液中 Co 含量降低了 22.7%(95% 置信区间 (CI):-38.7; -1.98; -38.7):-38.7;-1.98),Se 浓度降低了 12.6%(95% 置信区间:-22.9;-1.00)。坚持 hPVG 的第二个五分位数与尿 iAs + MMA 浓度降低 51.7% 相关(95%CI:-74.3;-8.61)。坚持uPVG的第二个五分位数与Se水平降低13.6%有关(95%CI:-22.9;-2.95),而该模式的第三个五分位数与Mo浓度降低17.5%有关(95%CI:-29.5;-2.95)。坚持 gPVG 的第四个五分位数与 PMI 升高 68.5% 和 SMI 降低 53.7% 相关。我们的研究表明,在儿童期坚持 gPVG 膳食模式可能会适度降低一些必需金属(如钴和硒)的摄入量。我们有必要进行进一步的研究,以探讨其对健康的潜在影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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