IS26 and the IS26 family: versatile resistance gene movers and genome reorganizers.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00119-22
Christopher J Harmer, Ruth M Hall
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Abstract

SUMMARYIn Gram-negative bacteria, the insertion sequence IS26 is highly active in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes. IS26 can recruit a gene or group of genes into the mobile gene pool and support their continued dissemination to new locations by creating pseudo-compound transposons (PCTs) that can be further mobilized by the insertion sequence (IS). IS26 can also enhance expression of adjacent potential resistance genes. IS26 encodes a DDE transposase but has unique properties. It forms cointegrates between two separate DNA molecules using two mechanisms. The well-known copy-in (replicative) route generates an additional IS copy and duplicates the target site. The recently discovered and more efficient and targeted conservative mechanism requires an IS in both participating molecules and does not generate any new sequence. The unit of movement for PCTs, known as a translocatable unit or TU, includes only one IS26. TU formed by homologous recombination between the bounding IS26s can be reincorporated via either cointegration route. However, the targeted conservative reaction is key to generation of arrays of overlapping PCTs seen in resistant pathogens. Using the copy-in route, IS26 can also act on a site in the same DNA molecule, either inverting adjacent DNA or generating an adjacent deletion plus a circular molecule carrying the DNA segment lost and an IS copy. If reincorporated, these circular molecules create a new PCT. IS26 is the best characterized IS in the IS26 family, which includes IS257/IS431, ISSau10, IS1216, IS1006, and IS1008 that are also implicated in spreading resistance genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.

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IS26 和 IS26 家族:多功能抗性基因移动者和基因组重组者。
摘要在革兰氏阴性细菌中,插入序列 IS26 在传播抗生素耐药基因方面非常活跃。IS26 可将一个或一组基因招募到移动基因库中,并通过创建可被插入序列(IS)进一步调动的伪复合转座子(PCT)支持它们继续传播到新的位置。IS26 还能增强邻近潜在抗性基因的表达。IS26 编码一种 DDE 转座酶,但具有独特的性质。它通过两种机制在两个独立的 DNA 分子之间形成共整合。众所周知的拷贝入(复制)途径会产生一个额外的 IS 拷贝并复制目标位点。最近发现的更高效、更有针对性的保守机制需要在两个参与分子中都有一个 IS,而且不产生任何新序列。PCT 的运动单位称为易位单位或 TU,只包括一个 IS26。通过结合 IS26 之间的同源重组形成的 TU 可通过任一共整合途径重新结合。不过,有针对性的保守反应是产生耐药病原体中重叠 PCT 阵列的关键。利用拷贝-整合途径,IS26 也可以作用于同一 DNA 分子中的一个位点,或者将相邻的 DNA 倒置,或者产生相邻的缺失,再加上携带缺失 DNA 片段和 IS 拷贝的环状分子。如果重新结合,这些环状分子就会产生新的 PCT。IS26 是 IS26 家族中特征最明显的 IS,该家族包括 IS257/IS431、ISSau10、IS1216、IS1006 和 IS1008,它们也与革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性病原体抗性基因的传播有关。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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