County-Level Mandates Were Generally Effective At Slowing COVID-19 Transmission.

IF 8.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Health Affairs Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00431
Courtney E Baird, Derek Lake, Orestis A Panagiotou, Pedro Gozalo
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Abstract

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, counties adopted numerous nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as mask mandates and stay-at-home orders, to slow COVID-19 transmission and prevent hospitals from reaching full capacity. Early evidence has been mixed about whether these interventions are effective. However, most studies only covered the early waves of COVID-19 and did not account for county-level variation in the adoption and repeal of such policies. Using daily county-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we evaluated the joint impact of bans on large gatherings, stay-at-home orders, mask mandates, and bar and restaurant closures on slowing COVID-19 transmission during waves 1-4 of the pandemic in the US (March 1, 2020-June 30, 2021). Our survival analysis showed that these interventions were generally effective at slowing COVID-19 transmission during this period. The mitigating effect was particularly strong during waves 2 and 3 and less substantial during waves 1 and 4. We also found strong evidence of the overall protective effect of mask mandates and, to a lesser degree, anticongregation policies. These study findings provide crucial evidence for public health officials to reference for support when using nonpharmaceutical interventions to flatten the curve of future waves of COVID-19 or other infectious disease outbreaks.

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县级强制措施在减缓 COVID-19 传播方面基本有效。
在美国 COVID-19 大流行期间,各县采取了许多非药物干预措施,如强制戴口罩和留在家中,以减缓 COVID-19 的传播并防止医院达到饱和状态。关于这些干预措施是否有效,早期证据不一。然而,大多数研究仅涵盖了 COVID-19 的早期波次,并未考虑到在采用和废除此类政策方面的县级差异。利用美国疾病控制和预防中心提供的县级每日数据,我们评估了在美国大流行的第 1-4 波(2020 年 3 月 1 日至 2021 年 6 月 30 日)期间,禁止大型集会、禁止外出、强制佩戴口罩以及关闭酒吧和餐馆对减缓 COVID-19 传播的共同影响。我们的生存分析表明,在此期间,这些干预措施在减缓 COVID-19 传播方面普遍有效。第 2 波和第 3 波的减缓效果尤为显著,而第 1 波和第 4 波的减缓效果较弱。我们还发现了有力的证据,证明口罩强制措施以及在较小程度上的反隔离政策具有整体保护作用。这些研究结果为公共卫生官员提供了重要的证据,他们在使用非药物干预措施来平缓未来 COVID-19 或其他传染病爆发的曲线时,可以作为参考依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Health Affairs
Health Affairs 医学-卫生保健
CiteScore
15.00
自引率
2.10%
发文量
246
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Health Affairs is a prestigious journal that aims to thoroughly examine significant health policy matters both domestically and globally. Our publication is committed to addressing issues that are relevant to both the private and public sectors. We are enthusiastic about inviting private and public decision-makers to contribute their innovative ideas in a publishable format. Health Affairs seeks to incorporate various perspectives from industry, labor, government, and academia, ensuring that our readers benefit from the diverse viewpoints within the healthcare field.
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