A Comprehensive Patient Blood Management Program During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients Over 60 Years of Age

Abstract

Purpose: There is currently no consensus on the most appropriate blood transfusion strategy for older adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery. We aimed to investigate the potential benefits of the patient blood management (PBM) program specifically for advanced age patients, and to evaluate the relationship of age and PBM in cardiovascular surgery.
Patients and Methods: We collected data from patients over 60 years old who underwent on-pump cardiovascular surgery. We compared transfusion and clinical outcomes between the pre-PBM and post-PBM groups using a propensity score matching method. Then, we conducted a subgroup analysis within the original cohort, specifically focusing on patients aged of 75 and above with multivariable adjusted models.
Results: Data of 9703 older adults were analyzed. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (31.6% vs 13.1%, P< 0.001), during the operation (50.8% vs 39.0%, P< 0.001) and after the operation (5.6% vs 3.1%, P< 0.001) were significantly reduced, and mortality and the risk of some adverse events were also reduced after the PBM. Subgroup analysis showed that there was no interaction between age and PBM, and advanced age (over age 75) did not modify the effect of PBM program in reducing RBC transfusion (Pinteraction=0.245), on mortality (Pinteration=0.829) and on certain complications.
Conclusion: The comprehensive PBM program could reduce RBC transfusion without adverse outcomes in older patients undergoing CPB. Even patients over age 75 may benefit from a more stringent transfusion indication. Comprehensive blood conservation measures should be applied to optimize the blood management for older patients.

Keywords: cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiovascular surgery, older adults, patient blood management, red blood cell transfusion