Phenotype-dependent downstream dispersal under ordinary flow conditions in juvenile white-spotted char

IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Ecological Research Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI:10.1111/1440-1703.12455
Hiroyuki Yamada, Satoshi Wada
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Abstract

Animal dispersal is often phenotype-dependent and can exert evolutionary pressures on populations in which it occurs. The evolutionary pressure arising from phenotype-dependent dispersal is called spatial sorting. We examined the evolutionary pressure arising from spatial sorting (sorting pressure) caused by downstream dispersal in juvenile white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis under ordinary flow conditions. We conducted outdoor experiments using an artificial channel with 10 steps to investigate the relationship between phenotypic characteristics and the occurrence or distance of downstream dispersal during five daytime hours. Six experiments were conducted using young-of-the-year juveniles collected early in the morning of each experimental day. We focused on two phenotypes, fork length (body size) and station-holding (SH) behavior, where juveniles remain sedentary on the substrate. Juveniles were assigned to the “SH group” if they exhibited SH behavior for more than 10 s during a 540-s observation period, and to the “swimming group” if they exhibited SH behavior for less than 10 s. Juveniles in the swimming group had a higher occurrence of downstream dispersal than in the SH group. In addition, large juveniles in the SH group and small juveniles in the swimming group tended to show long dispersal distances. These results suggest an effective sorting pressure against juveniles with active swimming behavior. This sorting pressure may accumulate in isolated char populations located above a tall migration barrier and contribute to the creation and maintenance of the reported interpopulation variation in SH behavior.

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白点炭幼体在普通水流条件下随表型向下游扩散的情况
动物的扩散通常是表型依赖性的,会对其所在的种群产生进化压力。由表型依赖性扩散引起的进化压力被称为空间分选。我们研究了在普通水流条件下,幼年白斑禾花鸡(Salvelinus leucomaenis)因顺流扩散而产生的空间分选进化压力(分选压力)。我们利用一条有 10 级台阶的人工河道进行了室外实验,以研究表型特征与白天 5 个小时内顺流扩散的发生或距离之间的关系。我们使用在每个实验日清晨采集的当年幼体进行了六次实验。我们重点研究了两种表型:叉长(体型)和停留行为(SH),即幼体停留在基质上不动。在540秒的观察期内,如果幼体表现出超过10秒的静止行为,则被归入 "静止组";如果表现出少于10秒的静止行为,则被归入 "游泳组"。此外,"SH组 "中的大幼体和 "游泳组 "中的小幼体往往表现出较长的扩散距离。这些结果表明,游泳行为活跃的幼体受到了有效的分选压力。这种分选压力可能会在位于高大洄游障碍之上的孤立 char种群中累积,并导致所报道的SH行为种群间变异的产生和维持。
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来源期刊
Ecological Research
Ecological Research 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
5.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
5.6 months
期刊介绍: Ecological Research has been published in English by the Ecological Society of Japan since 1986. Ecological Research publishes original papers on all aspects of ecology, in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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