Assessment of emissions and exposure in 3D printing workplaces in Taiwan.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI:10.1080/15459624.2024.2313655
Yung-Sheng Chuang, Abiyu Kerebo Berekute, Hsuan-Yu Hsu, Ho-Sheng Wei, Wen-Cheng Gong, Ya-Yuan Hsu, Chuen-Jinn Tsai, Kuo-Pin Yu
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging and booming industry in Taiwan. Compared to traditional manufacturing, 3D printing has various advantages, such as advanced customization, additive manufacturing, reduced mold opening time, and reduced consumption of precursors. In this study, the real-time monitoring of particulate matter (PM) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) emissions from various filaments is investigated using fused deposition modeling with material extrusion technology, a liquid-crystal display, a stereolithography apparatus based on vat photopolymerization technology, and binder jetting for occupational settings. An exposure assessment for nearby workers using the 3D printing process was performed, and improvement measures were recommended. Nine 3D printing fields were measured. The generation rate of ultrafine particles ranged from 1.19 × 1010 to 4.90 × 1012 #/min, and the geometric mean particle size ranged from 30.91 to 55.50 nm. The average concentration of ultrafine particles ranged from 2.31 × 103 to 7.36 × 104 #/cm3, and the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in each field ranged from 0.74 ± 0.27 to 12.46 ± 5.61 μg/m3 and from 2.39 ± 0.60 to 30.65 ± 21.26 μg/m3, respectively. The TVOC concentration ranged from 0.127 ± 0.012 to 1.567 ± 0.172 ppm. The respiratory deposition (RDUFPs) dose ranged from 2.02 × 1013 to 5.54 × 1014 nm2/day. Depending on the operating conditions, appropriate control and protective measures should be employed to protect workers' health.

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台湾 3D 打印工作场所的排放和暴露评估。
三维(3D)打印在台湾是一个新兴而蓬勃发展的产业。与传统制造业相比,3D 打印具有多种优势,如先进的定制、增材制造、缩短开模时间、减少前体消耗等。本研究利用材料挤出技术的熔融沉积模型、液晶显示器、基于大桶光聚合技术的立体光刻设备以及职业环境中的粘合剂喷射技术,对各种丝材的颗粒物(PM)和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)排放进行了实时监测。对附近使用 3D 打印工艺的工人进行了接触评估,并提出了改进措施。对九个 3D 打印区域进行了测量。超细粒子的生成速率为 1.19 × 1010 至 4.90 × 1012 #/min,几何平均粒径为 30.91 至 55.50 nm。超细粒子的平均浓度范围为 2.31 × 103 至 7.36 × 104 #/cm3,每个区域的 PM2.5 和 PM10 浓度范围分别为 0.74 ± 0.27 至 12.46 ± 5.61 μg/m3 和 2.39 ± 0.60 至 30.65 ± 21.26 μg/m3。TVOC 浓度范围为 0.127 ± 0.012 至 1.567 ± 0.172 ppm。呼吸沉积(RDUFPs)剂量介于 2.02 × 1013 至 5.54 × 1014 nm2/天之间。应根据工作条件采取适当的控制和保护措施,以保护工人的健康。
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来源期刊
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
10.00%
发文量
81
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene ( JOEH ) is a joint publication of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA®) and ACGIH®. The JOEH is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to enhancing the knowledge and practice of occupational and environmental hygiene and safety by widely disseminating research articles and applied studies of the highest quality. The JOEH provides a written medium for the communication of ideas, methods, processes, and research in core and emerging areas of occupational and environmental hygiene. Core domains include, but are not limited to: exposure assessment, control strategies, ergonomics, and risk analysis. Emerging domains include, but are not limited to: sensor technology, emergency preparedness and response, changing workforce, and management and analysis of "big" data.
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