A comparison of psychiatric inpatient admissions in youth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract

Background: The current understanding of the effect of COVID-19 on child and youth admissions to psychiatric inpatient units over time is limited, with conflicting findings and many studies focusing on the initial wave of the pandemic.

Objectives: This study identified changes in psychiatric inpatient admissions, and reasons for admission, including suicidality and self-harm, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: This time series study analyzed 3,723 admissions of youth (ages 0-18.88 years) admitted to four major psychiatry inpatient units in a large Canadian city between January 1^st, 2016 and December 31^st, 2021. Pre-pandemic (before March 11, 2020) and during-pandemic (after March 11, 2020) trends of admissions were explored using a Bayesian structural time series model (BSTS).

Results: The model revealed that overall admissions during the pandemic period exceeded what would have been predicted in the absence of a pandemic, a relative increase of 29%. Additionally, a rise in the total number of admissions due to self-harm and suicidality (29% increase), externalizing/behavioral issues (69% increase), and internalizing/emotional issues (28% increase) provided strong evidence of increased admissions compared to what might have been expected from pre-pandemic numbers.

Conclusions: There was strong evidence of increases in psychiatric inpatient admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to expected trends based on pre-pandemic data. To ensure accessible and continuous mental health supports and services for youth and their families during future pandemics, these findings highlight the need for rapid expanse of inpatient mental health services, similar to what occurred in many intensive care units across Canada.