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Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry最新文献

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The people of child and adolescent psychiatry. 儿童和青少年精神病学专家。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
Claire De Souza
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引用次数: 0
Urgent need for CACAP position statement on psychotherapy for gender dysphoria. 亟需 CACAP 就性别焦虑症心理治疗发表立场声明。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
Oleg Savenkov
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Editor response to letter to the editor. 临床编辑对致信编辑的回复。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
Peter Braunberger
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引用次数: 0
Community, Perspectives and Recommendations (CoPaR). 社区、观点和建议(CoPaR)。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
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引用次数: 0
Identifying and treating catatonia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A case series. 神经发育障碍儿童紧张症的识别与治疗:病例系列。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
Nadine Nejati, Selene Etches

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that is an increasingly recognized cause of acute behavioural changes in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Literature suggests that catatonia can present differently in this population and can be missed due to diagnostic overshadowing. Catatonia is a treatable condition, and management strategies in children with NDD include benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Untreated, it can cause significant morbidity including severe medical complications, and therefore timely recognition and management of catatonia in children and adolescents with NDD is essential. In this case series, we present three cases of children ages 7, 14, and 10, with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome, respectively. All were admitted to a pediatric inpatient unit for acute behavioural regression. Each had symptoms consistent with catatonia, resulting in trials of benzodiazepine therapy with inadequate response, and were then treated with bilateral ECT. In all cases, marked improvement was noted after ECT, with no apparent adverse effects. The cases are used to highlight the nuances of diagnosis and management of catatonia in children and adolescents with NDD. This includes insights on how presentations of catatonia may differ in this population, challenges with the use of available diagnostic tools, and how these patients may respond differently to recommended treatments such as benzodiazepines. The case series aims to increase clinicians' awareness of pediatric catatonia when children and adolescents with NDD present with acute behavioural changes, and to encourage consideration of the full spectrum of treatments, including bilateral ECT.

紧张症是一种神经精神综合征,是神经发育障碍(NDD)儿童和青少年急性行为变化的一个日益公认的原因。文献表明,紧张症在这一人群中的表现各不相同,可能会因诊断上的阴影而被漏诊。紧张症是一种可治疗的疾病,NDD 儿童的治疗策略包括苯二氮卓类药物和电休克疗法(ECT)。如不及时治疗,可导致严重的发病率,包括严重的医疗并发症,因此及时识别和治疗 NDD 儿童和青少年的紧张症至关重要。在本病例系列中,我们介绍了三例分别被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍、唐氏综合症和普拉德-威利综合症的 7 岁、14 岁和 10 岁儿童的病例。他们都因急性行为倒退被送入儿科住院部。每个人都出现了与紧张症一致的症状,曾试用苯二氮卓类药物治疗,但效果不佳,随后接受了双侧电痉挛疗法。在所有病例中,电痉挛疗法后症状均有明显改善,且无明显不良反应。这些病例旨在强调NDD儿童和青少年紧张症诊断和管理的细微差别。其中包括对这一人群紧张症表现的不同见解、使用现有诊断工具所面临的挑战,以及这些患者对苯二氮卓类药物等推荐治疗的不同反应。本系列病例旨在提高临床医生对患有 NDD 的儿童和青少年出现急性行为改变时儿科紧张症的认识,并鼓励考虑包括双侧 ECT 在内的全方位治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence-based guidelines for anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome in children and youth: A rapid review. 儿童和青少年焦虑症、抑郁症、强迫症和抽动症的循证指南:快速回顾。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
T Pringsheim, L A Gaudet, J Pillay, L Hartling, J Fletcher, G Wilcox, S Patten, D Martino

Background: In response to the increasing need for mental health services in Canadian children and youth, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research launched funding towards developing pan-Canadian standards for children and youth mental health services.

Objective: The objective of this rapid review is to synthesize current evidence-based recommendations on assessment and treatment for children and youth with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS).

Methods: This rapid review was developed and conducted using the STARR decision tool and the Cochrane organization's minimum standards. We included evidence-based guidelines providing recommendations for and comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of implementation of evidence-based guideline recommendations on assessment and/or treatment of anxiety, depression, OCD, or TS in children and youth compared to usual care.

Results: Twenty guidelines and one study of the effectiveness of treatment approximating guideline standards were included in this review. There was reasonable consistency in recommendations between guidelines, especially for the management of anxiety disorders and TS, where psychological therapies were recommended as first line. For depression, some minor differences were noted in recommendations for the management of moderate to severe depression, with psychological therapies or SSRIs recommended as first-line in the some guidelines, whereas other guidelines prioritized psychological therapies.

Conclusion: Current evidence-based guidelines prioritize psychological therapies for children and adolescents with anxiety, depression, OCD, or TS. If adequate and equitable service provision is a priority for decision makers, it is essential for the healthcare system to fund appropriately trained mental health therapists to deliver these interventions.

背景:为了应对加拿大儿童和青少年对心理健康服务日益增长的需求,加拿大健康研究所(Canadian Institutes of Health Research)出资制定了泛加拿大儿童和青少年心理健康服务标准:本快速综述的目的是综合当前对患有焦虑症、抑郁症、强迫症(OCD)和抽动秽语综合征(TS)的儿童和青少年进行评估和治疗的循证建议:本快速综述采用 STARR 决策工具和 Cochrane 组织的最低标准进行开发和实施。我们纳入了为儿童和青少年焦虑症、抑郁症、强迫症或 TS 的评估和/或治疗提供建议的循证指南,以及评估循证指南建议实施效果的比较研究,并与常规护理进行了比较:本综述包括 20 项指南和 1 项关于接近指南标准的治疗效果的研究。各指南之间的建议具有合理的一致性,尤其是在焦虑症和 TS 的治疗方面,建议将心理疗法作为一线治疗方法。在抑郁症方面,针对中度至重度抑郁症的治疗建议略有不同,一些指南建议将心理疗法或SSRIs作为一线治疗方案,而另一些指南则优先考虑心理疗法:目前的循证指南优先考虑对患有焦虑症、抑郁症、强迫症或 TS 的儿童和青少年进行心理治疗。如果决策者优先考虑提供充分、公平的服务,那么医疗保健系统就必须资助受过适当培训的心理健康治疗师来提供这些干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Olanzapine use for the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa - reflecting on research and clinical practice. 使用奥氮平治疗神经性厌食症青少年--研究与临床实践反思。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
Wendy Spettigue, Mark L Norris

Anorexia nervosa is a complex and potentially devastating mental health (MH) diagnosis that is recognized as having high rates of non-response to treatment, pronounced medical as well as MH morbidity, and elevated mortality rates. Olanzapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic that has demonstrated benefit with weight gain in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), although controlled research involving children and youth remains limited. In this commentary, the authors provide a brief history and review of research relating to olanzapine for the adjunctive treatment of children and adolescents with AN. Although the medication has been used for more than two decades, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood and is likely multifactorial. Despite a paucity of research to guide clinical decision making, olanzapine prescription among youth with moderate to severe AN appears to be prevalent among eating disorder specialists in Canada. In addition to commenting on gaps and challenges related to controlled randomized research in this area, the authors reflect on factors likely contributing to olanzapine's adoption into clinical practice. Moving forward, it is critical that further research involving olanzapine for the adjunctive treatment of AN in youth be undertaken to better understand efficacy, appropriate indications for use, and safety profile.

神经性厌食症是一种复杂且具有潜在破坏性的精神健康(MH)诊断,被认为对治疗无反应率高、医疗和 MH 发病率高、死亡率高。奥氮平是第二代非典型抗精神病药物,已证明对神经性厌食症(AN)成人患者的体重增加有益,但涉及儿童和青少年的对照研究仍然有限。在这篇评论中,作者简要介绍了奥氮平用于儿童和青少年厌食症辅助治疗的历史和相关研究综述。虽然奥氮平已被使用了二十多年,但人们对其作用机制的了解仍不全面,而且很可能是多因素作用的结果。尽管指导临床决策的研究很少,但在加拿大的饮食失调专科医生中,中重度AN青少年的奥氮平处方似乎很普遍。除了对与该领域随机对照研究相关的差距和挑战进行评论外,作者还对可能导致奥氮平被临床实践采用的因素进行了反思。展望未来,进一步开展奥氮平辅助治疗青少年厌食症的研究以更好地了解其疗效、适当的使用适应症和安全性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Practice guidelines in child and adolescent mental health. 儿童和青少年心理健康实践指南。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
John D McLennan
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the association between generalized anxiety symptoms and social and communication impairments of autistic youth. 研究自闭症青少年的广泛焦虑症状与社交和沟通障碍之间的关联。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01
Lilly Zepp, Evdokia Anagnostou, Jessica Jones, Rob Nicolson, Stelios Georgiades, Sabrina Lutchmeah, Elizabeth Kelley

Background: Past research has found that overall anxiety and social anxiety symptoms are associated with the occurrence of social and communication challenges within autistic populations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether generalized anxiety disorder symptoms were associated with social and communication symptoms in autistic youth.

Method: The cross-sectional sample was comprised of 253 autistic youth aged 8-18 (196 Males, 57 Females). Participants were divided in a child (Grade 3-8) group and an adolescent (Grade 9-12) group. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the generalized anxiety score predicted the social communication composite score, derived from the ADOS-2, after controlling for sex, grade level and expressive language ability.

Results: Correlation analyses showed an association between social communication ability and general anxiety disorder symptoms in the child group such that those with greater anxiety had fewer social communication symptoms. However, after controlling for sex, grade, and language ability, general anxiety disorder symptoms did not predict social communication difficulties in either children or adolescents.

Conclusions: Alongside past literature, these findings suggest that the different types of anxiety disorders may have differential impacts on autistic youth's social and communication symptoms. Further research should investigate whether other anxiety subtypes affect autistic youth's social and communication symptoms.

背景:过去的研究发现,整体焦虑和社交焦虑症状与自闭症患者的社交和沟通障碍有关:过去的研究发现,自闭症患者的整体焦虑和社交焦虑症状与社交和沟通障碍的发生有关:本研究旨在确定广泛性焦虑症症状是否与自闭症青少年的社交和沟通症状有关:横断面样本包括 253 名 8-18 岁的自闭症青少年(196 名男性,57 名女性)。参与者分为儿童组(3-8 年级)和青少年组(9-12 年级)。在控制了性别、年级和语言表达能力后,我们进行了分层线性回归分析,以评估广泛焦虑得分是否能预测 ADOS-2 得出的社会沟通综合得分:结果:相关分析表明,在儿童组中,社交沟通能力与广泛性焦虑症症状之间存在关联,焦虑程度越高的儿童社交沟通症状越少。然而,在控制了性别、年级和语言能力之后,一般焦虑症症状并不能预测儿童或青少年的社交沟通障碍:与以往的文献一样,这些研究结果表明,不同类型的焦虑症可能会对自闭症青少年的社交和沟通症状产生不同的影响。进一步的研究应探讨其他焦虑亚型是否会影响自闭症青少年的社交和沟通症状。
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引用次数: 0
An environmental scan of mental health services for indigenous youth in Canada. 加拿大土著青年心理健康服务环境扫描。
IF 2.9 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01
Sofia Hempelmann Perez, Isabella Kakish, Gregory Brass, Kathleen MacDonald, Chris Mushquash, Srividya N Iyer

Background: There is an urgent need for culturally and contextually relevant mental health support for First Nations, Inuit and Métis youth.

Objective: Our aim was to identify mental health and wellness services that are currently available to Indigenous youth across Canada.

Methodology: As a first step, we conducted a web-based environmental scan of services tailored to Indigenous youth. Specific factors were examined for each program, including organization type and mission, types of services, and who provides services.

Results: One hundred and seventeen programs were found, with 54% being non-profits and 34% being on-reserve. Four core features were identified. The first was a strengths-based focus, rather than a pathology/deficit-focus, in programs' vision and mission statements, reflected in words like wellness and resilience. The second (87% of included programs) was the integration of mental health services with a range of other services and supports (e.g., health, employment, housing). The third was the provision of land-based programming (in 34% of programs) such as camps or hunting. Such programs were framed as promoting wellness and healing and strengthening identity. The fourth was the role of community members without formal mental health professional training (in 42% of programs), for example, as youth workers or knowledge keepers. This stems not only from the dearth of specialists in many Indigenous settings, but also a valuing of Indigenous knowledge.

Conclusion: These core features in mental health services for Indigenous youth may be promising avenues for communities seeking to strengthen the services they offer to First Nations, Inuit and Métis youth.

背景:第一民族、因纽特人和梅蒂斯人青年迫切需要文化和背景相关的心理健康支持:第一民族、因努伊特人和梅蒂斯人青年迫切需要与文化和背景相关的心理健康支持:我们的目的是确定目前加拿大各地为土著青少年提供的心理健康和保健服务:作为第一步,我们对针对土著青少年的服务进行了网络环境扫描。我们对每个项目的具体因素进行了研究,包括组织类型和使命、服务类型以及服务提供者:结果:我们找到了 177 个项目,其中 54% 为非营利组织,34% 在保留地。确定了四个核心特征。第一,在项目的愿景和使命陈述中,以优势为重点,而不是以病理/缺陷为重点,这体现在健康和复原力等字眼上。其次(87%的项目)是将心理健康服务与一系列其他服务和支持(如健康、就业、住房)相结合。第三种是提供陆上项目(34% 的项目),如营地或狩猎。这些计划的目的是促进健康、治疗和加强身份认同。第四是让没有接受过正规心理健康专业培训的社区成员发挥作用(42%的项目),例如,担任青年工作者或知识守护者。这不仅是因为在许多土著环境中缺乏专家,而且也是对土著知识的重视:为原住民青少年提供心理健康服务的这些核心特点,可能是社区寻求加强为原住民、因努伊特和梅蒂斯青少年提供服务的有前途的途径。
{"title":"An environmental scan of mental health services for indigenous youth in Canada.","authors":"Sofia Hempelmann Perez, Isabella Kakish, Gregory Brass, Kathleen MacDonald, Chris Mushquash, Srividya N Iyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an urgent need for culturally and contextually relevant mental health support for First Nations, Inuit and Métis youth.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim was to identify mental health and wellness services that are currently available to Indigenous youth across Canada.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>As a first step, we conducted a web-based environmental scan of services tailored to Indigenous youth. Specific factors were examined for each program, including organization type and mission, types of services, and who provides services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventeen programs were found, with 54% being non-profits and 34% being on-reserve. Four core features were identified. The first was a strengths-based focus, rather than a pathology/deficit-focus, in programs' vision and mission statements, reflected in words like wellness and resilience. The second (87% of included programs) was the integration of mental health services with a range of other services and supports (e.g., health, employment, housing). The third was the provision of land-based programming (in 34% of programs) such as camps or hunting. Such programs were framed as promoting wellness and healing and strengthening identity. The fourth was the role of community members without formal mental health professional training (in 42% of programs), for example, as youth workers or knowledge keepers. This stems not only from the dearth of specialists in many Indigenous settings, but also a valuing of Indigenous knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These core features in mental health services for Indigenous youth may be promising avenues for communities seeking to strengthen the services they offer to First Nations, Inuit and Métis youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":47053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"33 2","pages":"93-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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