A differential impact of action–effect temporal contiguity on different measures of response inhibition in the Go\No-Go and Stop-signal paradigms

Psychological Research Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI:10.1007/s00426-024-01931-2

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Abstract

Response inhibition refers to suppressing a prepotent motor response and is often studied and discussed as an act of cognitive control. Much less attention was given to the potential contribution of motor control processes to response inhibition. Accumulated empirical findings show that a perceptual effect temporally contiguous with a response improves motor control performance. In the current study, we followed this work by manipulating action–effect temporal contiguity to enhance motor performance and investigated its impact on response selection and inhibition. In two experiments, we integrated a Go/No-Go (GNGT; Experiment 1) and a Stop-signal (SST; Experiment 2) task with the Effect–Motivation task, previously used to capture the facilitating impact of action–effect temporal contiguity on response times (RTs). Replicating previous findings, RTs were shorter following temporally contiguous compared to Lagged action–effect in Go trials in both the GNGT (Experiment 1) and SST (Experiment 2). Notably, an Immediate action–effect improved response inhibition in the GNGT (Experiment 1) but did not modulate Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) in the SST (Experiment 2). Unexpectedly, the error rate on Go trials was higher in the Immediate effect condition in Experiment 2. We interpret the findings to suggest that an action’s (Immediate) perceptual effect may promote response inhibition performance by enhancing selective association between the Go stimuli and the Go response and not by improving cognitive control ability. The findings also imply that an Immediate action–effect may hamper action control (e.g., by increasing general readiness to respond), at least when action control does not benefit from automatic stimulus–response association.

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行动效果的时间连续性对 Go\No-Go 和停止信号范式中反应抑制的不同测量的不同影响

摘要反应抑制指的是抑制先发的运动反应，通常作为一种认知控制行为进行研究和讨论。人们很少关注运动控制过程对反应抑制的潜在贡献。累积的实证研究结果表明，与反应在时间上相邻的知觉效应会提高运动控制性能。在本研究中，我们沿用了这一研究成果，通过操纵动作效应的时间连续性来提高运动表现，并研究了其对反应选择和抑制的影响。在两个实验中，我们将 "去/不去"（GNGT；实验 1）和 "停止信号"（SST；实验 2）任务与 "效应-动机 "任务相结合，以前曾用来捕捉动作效应时间连续性对反应时间（RTs）的促进作用。与之前的研究结果相同，在GNGT（实验1）和SST（实验2）的围棋试验中，与滞后行动效应相比，时间上连续的行动效应反应时间更短。值得注意的是，在 GNGT（实验 1）中，即时动作效应改善了反应抑制，但在 SST（实验 2）中，即时动作效应并没有调节停止信号反应时间（SSRT）。意想不到的是，在实验 2 中，即时效应条件下围棋试验的错误率更高。我们对这些结果的解释是，行动的（即时）知觉效应可能会通过增强围棋刺激与围棋反应之间的选择性联想，而不是通过提高认知控制能力来促进反应抑制成绩。研究结果还表明，立即行动效应可能会阻碍行动控制（例如，通过提高一般反应准备度），至少在行动控制不能从刺激-反应自动关联中获益的情况下是这样。

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Psychological Research

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