"Air That Once Was Breath" Part 1: Wildfire-Smoke-Induced Mechanisms of Airway Inflammation - "Climate Change, Allergy and Immunology" Special IAAI Article Collection: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2023.

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 ALLERGY International Archives of Allergy and Immunology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI:10.1159/000536578
Willis S Bowman, Rebecca J Schmidt, Gursharan K Sanghar, George R Thompson Iii, Hong Ji, Amir A Zeki, Angela Haczku
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Abstract

Background: Wildfires are a global concern due to their wide-ranging environmental, economic, and public health impacts. Climate change contributes to an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires making smoke exposure a more significant and recurring health concern for individuals with airway diseases. Some of the most prominent effects of wildfire smoke exposure are asthma exacerbations and allergic airway sensitization. Likely due to the delayed recognition of its health impacts in comparison with cigarette smoke and industrial or traffic-related air pollution, research on the composition, the mechanisms of toxicity, and the cellular/molecular pathways involved is poor or non-existent.

Summary: This review discusses potential underlying pathological mechanisms of wildfire-smoke-related allergic airway disease and asthma. We focused on major gaps in understanding the role of wildfire smoke composition in the development of airway disease and the known and potential mechanisms involving cellular and molecular players of oxidative injury at the epithelial barrier in airway inflammation. We examine how PM2.5, VOCs, O3, endotoxin, microbes, and toxic gases may affect oxidative stress and inflammation in the respiratory mucosal barrier. We discuss the role of AhR in mediating smoke's effects in alarmin release and IL-17A production and how glucocorticoid responsiveness may be impaired by IL-17A-induced signaling and epigenetic changes leading to steroid-resistant severe airway inflammation.

Key message: Effective mitigation of wildfire-smoke-related respiratory health effects would require comprehensive research efforts aimed at a better understanding of the immune regulatory effects of wildfire smoke in respiratory health and disease.

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"曾经是呼吸的空气 "第一部分:野火-烟雾诱发气道炎症的机制--"气候变化、过敏与免疫学 "国际过敏学会特别文章集:国际过敏学会 2023 年更新。
背景:野火因其对环境、经济和公共健康的广泛影响而成为全球关注的问题。气候变化导致野火发生的频率和强度增加,使烟雾暴露成为患有气道疾病的人的一个更重要和经常性的健康问题。野火烟雾暴露最突出的一些影响是哮喘加重和气道过敏。与香烟烟雾和工业或交通相关的空气污染相比,野火烟雾对健康的影响可能认识较晚,因此对野火烟雾的成分、毒性机制以及所涉及的细胞/分子途径的研究较少或不存在。摘要:本综述讨论了野火烟雾相关过敏性气道疾病和哮喘的潜在病理机制。我们重点讨论了在理解野火烟雾成分在气道疾病发展中的作用方面存在的主要差距,以及气道炎症中上皮屏障氧化损伤的细胞和分子参与者的已知和潜在机制。我们研究了 PM2.5、挥发性有机化合物、臭氧、内毒素、微生物和有毒气体如何影响呼吸道粘膜屏障的氧化应激和炎症。我们讨论了 AhR 在介导烟雾对 alarmin 释放和 IL-17A 生成的影响中的作用,以及糖皮质激素的反应性如何可能会因 IL-17A 诱导的信号传导和表观遗传变化而受损,从而导致类固醇耐受性严重气道炎症:有效缓解野火烟雾对呼吸系统健康的影响需要开展全面的研究工作,以便更好地了解野火烟雾对呼吸系统健康和疾病的免疫调节作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
3.60%
发文量
105
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: ''International Archives of Allergy and Immunology'' provides a forum for basic and clinical research in modern molecular and cellular allergology and immunology. Appearing monthly, the journal publishes original work in the fields of allergy, immunopathology, immunogenetics, immunopharmacology, immunoendocrinology, tumor immunology, mucosal immunity, transplantation and immunology of infectious and connective tissue diseases.
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