Excess of body weight is associated with accelerated T-cell senescence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Immunity & Ageing Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI:10.1186/s12979-024-00423-6
Mailton Prestes Madruga, Lucas Kich Grun, Letícya Simone Melo Dos Santos, Frederico Orlando Friedrich, Douglas Bitencourt Antunes, Marcella Elesbão Fogaça Rocha, Pedro Luis Silva, Gilson P Dorneles, Paula Coelho Teixeira, Tiago Franco Oliveira, Pedro R T Romão, Lucas Santos, José Claudio Fonseca Moreira, Vinicius Schenk Michaelsen, Marcelo Cypel, Marcos Otávio Brum Antunes, Marcus Herbert Jones, Florencia María Barbé-Tuana, Moisés Evandro Bauer
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Abstract

Background: Several risk factors have been involved in the poor clinical progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), including ageing, and obesity. SARS-CoV-2 may compromise lung function through cell damage and paracrine inflammation; and obesity has been associated with premature immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and dysfunctional innate immune responses leading to poor immune response against a range of viruses and bacterial infections. Here, we have comprehensively characterized the immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and immune dysregulation established in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different degrees of body weight.

Results: Hospitalised COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity had similarly higher plasma LPS and sCD14 levels than controls (all p < 0.01). Patients with obesity had higher leptin levels than controls. Obesity and overweight patients had similarly higher expansions of classical monocytes and immature natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+CD16-) than controls. In contrast, reduced proportions of intermediate monocytes, mature NK cells (CD56+CD16+), and NKT were found in both groups of patients than controls. As expected, COVID-19 patients had a robust expansion of plasmablasts, contrasting to lower proportions of major T-cell subsets (CD4 + and CD8+) than controls. Concerning T-cell activation, overweight and obese patients had lower proportions of CD4+CD38+ cells than controls. Contrasting changes were reported in CD25+CD127low/neg regulatory T cells, with increased and decreased proportions found in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. There were similar proportions of T cells expressing checkpoint inhibitors across all groups. We also investigated distinct stages of T-cell differentiation (early, intermediate, and late-differentiated - TEMRA). The intermediate-differentiated CD4 + T cells and TEMRA cells (CD4+ and CD8+) were expanded in patients compared to controls. Senescent T cells can also express NK receptors (NKG2A/D), and patients had a robust expansion of CD8+CD57+NKG2A+ cells than controls. Unbiased immune profiling further confirmed the expansions of senescent T cells in COVID-19.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that dysregulated immune cells, microbial translocation, and T-cell senescence may partially explain the increased vulnerability to COVID-19 in subjects with excess of body weight.

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在住院的 COVID-19 患者中,体重超标与 T 细胞衰老加速有关。
背景:冠状病毒病-19(COVID-19)的临床进展不佳与多种风险因素有关,其中包括衰老和肥胖。SARS-CoV-2可能会通过细胞损伤和旁分泌性炎症损害肺功能;而肥胖与过早的免疫衰老、微生物易位和先天性免疫反应失调有关,从而导致对一系列病毒和细菌感染的免疫反应低下。在此,我们对不同体重的 COVID-19 住院患者的免疫衰老、微生物易位和免疫失调进行了全面描述:结果:超重和肥胖的 COVID-19 住院患者的血浆 LPS 和 sCD14 水平同样高于对照组(均为 p +CD16-)。相比之下,两组患者的中间单核细胞、成熟 NK 细胞(CD56+CD16+)和 NKT 的比例均低于对照组。正如预期的那样,COVID-19 患者的浆细胞大量扩增,而主要 T 细胞亚群(CD4 + 和 CD8+)的比例则低于对照组。在 T 细胞活化方面,超重和肥胖患者的 CD4+CD38+ 细胞比例低于对照组。CD25+CD127-low/neg调节性T细胞发生了相反的变化,CD4+和CD8+T细胞的比例分别增加和减少。所有组中表达检查点抑制剂的 T 细胞比例相似。我们还研究了T细胞分化的不同阶段(早期分化、中期分化和晚期分化--TEMRA)。与对照组相比,患者体内中度分化的 CD4 + T 细胞和 TEMRA 细胞(CD4 + 和 CD8 +)增大。衰老的T细胞也能表达NK受体(NKG2A/D),与对照组相比,患者的CD8+CD57+NKG2A+细胞扩增明显。无偏见的免疫分析进一步证实了COVID-19中衰老T细胞的扩增:这些研究结果表明,免疫细胞失调、微生物易位和T细胞衰老可能是体重超标患者更易感染COVID-19的部分原因。
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来源期刊
Immunity & Ageing
Immunity & Ageing GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
3.80%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Immunity & Ageing is a specialist open access journal that was first published in 2004. The journal focuses on the impact of ageing on immune systems, the influence of aged immune systems on organismal well-being and longevity, age-associated diseases with immune etiology, and potential immune interventions to increase health span. All articles published in Immunity & Ageing are indexed in the following databases: Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS, CAS, Citebase, DOAJ, Embase, Google Scholar, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, OAIster, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCImago, Scopus, SOCOLAR, and Zetoc.
期刊最新文献
Age-dependent immune profile in healthy individuals: an original study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Biologically informed machine learning modeling of immune cells to reveal physiological and pathological aging process. Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS). Distinct immunomodulation elicited by young versus aged extracellular vesicles in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Inhibiting IL11: a novel approach to turning back the clock.
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