Effect of soil depth on the structure of bacterial composition in the active layer at five geologically distinct sites on James Ross and Vega Islands in Antarctica

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Polar Biology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI:10.1007/s00300-024-03230-3

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Abstract

Microbial communities in the active layer play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of Antarctic pristine ecosystems. Here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate bacterial communities in active layer of five different geological sites related to the compositional variation of the geological bedrock, including Neogene volcanic or Cretaceous rocks and or marine sediments areas of distinct elevation. Local variations in the thickness of the active layer (50–80 cm) were observed on the Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, and the southwest coast of Vega Island, Antarctica during sampling in 2019. High bacterial diversity was detected in all sampling sites. Significant site effects on bacterial composition with increased Chloroflexota and decreased Flavobacteriaceae were only observed between the highest elevation Johnson Mesa 2 plateau and coastal areas. The overall effect of the depth was reflected by the increased of e.g., Cyanobacteria, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus in the upper surface and Chloroflexota, Acidobacteriota, Actinomycetota at depths below 30 cm. The huge number of unassigned bacteria indicated a potential source of new bacterial species and their ecological role in this extreme environment. For the first time, we showed that the effect of depth on bacterial composition was more significant than the effect of geological bedrock from these previously unexplored regions.

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土壤深度对南极洲詹姆斯-罗斯岛和维加岛五个地质不同地点活动层细菌组成结构的影响

摘要活动层中的微生物群落在南极原始生态系统的生物地球化学循环中起着至关重要的作用。本文利用 16S rRNA 基因测序技术研究了五个不同地质地点活动层中的细菌群落，这些地点的活动层与地质基岩的成分变化有关，包括新近纪火山岩或白垩纪岩石以及不同海拔高度的海洋沉积物区域。2019 年采样期间，在南极洲乌卢半岛、詹姆斯-罗斯岛和维加岛西南海岸观察到活动层厚度（50-80 厘米）的局部变化。所有取样地点都检测到了较高的细菌多样性。只有在海拔最高的约翰逊梅萨 2 号高原和沿海地区之间观察到了对细菌组成的显著场地影响，即绿菌类增加，黄杆菌科减少。深度对细菌组成的总体影响体现在地表上层的蓝藻菌、丙酸杆菌、葡萄球菌，以及 30 厘米以下深度的绿藻菌群、酸性菌群、放线菌群等的增加。大量未分类的细菌表明，在这种极端环境中，有可能出现新的细菌物种及其生态作用。我们首次发现，在这些以前未勘探过的地区，深度对细菌组成的影响比地质基岩的影响更为显著。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polar Biology 生物-生态学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

11.80%

发文量

116

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Polar Biology publishes Original Papers, Reviews, and Short Notes and is the focal point for biologists working in polar regions. It is also of interest to scientists working in biology in general, ecology and physiology, as well as in oceanography and climatology related to polar life. Polar Biology presents results of studies in plants, animals, and micro-organisms of marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats in polar and subpolar regions of both hemispheres. Taxonomy/ Biogeography Life History Spatio-temporal Patterns in Abundance and Diversity Ecological Interactions Trophic Ecology Ecophysiology/ Biochemistry of Adaptation Biogeochemical Pathways and Cycles Ecological Models Human Impact/ Climate Change/ Conservation