Xu-Hong Zhang, Hao-Ning Wang, Fu-Hu Liu, Khusniddin K. Olimov
{"title":"Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of interacting system formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions","authors":"Xu-Hong Zhang, Hao-Ning Wang, Fu-Hu Liu, Khusniddin K. Olimov","doi":"10.1142/s0218301323500659","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>To study the energy-dependent characteristics of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters, based on the framework of a multi-source thermal model, we analyze the soft transverse momentum (<span><math altimg=\"eq-00001.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span></span>) spectra of the charged particles (<span><math altimg=\"eq-00002.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span><span></span>, <span><math altimg=\"eq-00003.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span><span></span>, <span><math altimg=\"eq-00004.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span><span></span>, <span><math altimg=\"eq-00005.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span><span></span>, <span><math altimg=\"eq-00006.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mover accent=\"true\"><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mo>̄</mo></mover></math></span><span></span>, and <i>p</i>) produced in gold–gold (Au–Au) collisions at the center-of-mass energies <span><math altimg=\"eq-00007.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn></math></span><span></span>, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200<span><math altimg=\"eq-00008.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mspace width=\".17em\"></mspace></math></span><span></span>GeV from the STAR Collaboration and in lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at <span><math altimg=\"eq-00009.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mn>6</mn></math></span><span></span> and 5.02<span><math altimg=\"eq-00010.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mspace width=\".17em\"></mspace></math></span><span></span>TeV from the ALICE Collaboration. In the rest framework of emission source, the probability density function obeyed by meson momenta satisfies the Bose–Einstein distribution, and that obeyed by baryon momenta satisfies the Fermi–Dirac distribution. To simulate the <span><math altimg=\"eq-00011.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span></span> of the charged particles, the kinetic freeze-out temperature <i>T</i> and transverse expansion velocity <span><math altimg=\"eq-00012.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span></span> of emission source are introduced into the relativistic ideal gas model. Our results, based on the Monte Carlo method for numerical calculation, show a good agreement with the experimental data. The excitation functions of thermodynamic parameter <i>T</i> and hydrodynamic parameter <span><math altimg=\"eq-00013.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span><span></span> are then obtained from the analyses, which shows an increasing tendency from 7.7<span><math altimg=\"eq-00014.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mspace width=\".17em\"></mspace></math></span><span></span>GeV to 5.02<span><math altimg=\"eq-00015.gif\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mspace width=\".17em\"></mspace></math></span><span></span>TeV in collisions with different centralities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Physics E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Modern Physics E","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218301323500659","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PHYSICS, NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
To study the energy-dependent characteristics of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters, based on the framework of a multi-source thermal model, we analyze the soft transverse momentum () spectra of the charged particles (, , , , , and p) produced in gold–gold (Au–Au) collisions at the center-of-mass energies , 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200GeV from the STAR Collaboration and in lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at and 5.02TeV from the ALICE Collaboration. In the rest framework of emission source, the probability density function obeyed by meson momenta satisfies the Bose–Einstein distribution, and that obeyed by baryon momenta satisfies the Fermi–Dirac distribution. To simulate the of the charged particles, the kinetic freeze-out temperature T and transverse expansion velocity of emission source are introduced into the relativistic ideal gas model. Our results, based on the Monte Carlo method for numerical calculation, show a good agreement with the experimental data. The excitation functions of thermodynamic parameter T and hydrodynamic parameter are then obtained from the analyses, which shows an increasing tendency from 7.7GeV to 5.02TeV in collisions with different centralities.
期刊介绍:
This journal covers the topics on experimental and theoretical nuclear physics, and its applications and interface with astrophysics and particle physics. The journal publishes research articles as well as review articles on topics of current interest.