Early childhood adversity: How Judith Harris’ theory helps to explain the relationship between ACEs and delinquency

Abstract

Judith Harris’ theory of child socialization spans developmental periods and has interdisciplinary implications. Though broad and adaptable, her theory has not been readily adopted by criminologists, and its discussion is often limited to its biosocial implications. The purpose of this essay is to discuss how Harris’ theory can help to explain the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Using Harris’ framework, I discuss how ACEs may reflect adversity in the home and community environment, how this exposure to adversity may impact child behavioral development and lead to school-based consequences, and how these consequences may ultimately shape child outcomes. I conclude by discussing the policy implications of Harris’ work, as well as directions for future research testing and/or informed by Harris’ arguments.