Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles derived from Limonia acidissima L. fruit extract

Abstract

In the rapidly expanding field of nanoscience and research, AgNPs and their diverse by-products have been acknowledged as having a green approach. Fruit extract of Limonia acidissima L. is capable of bio-reducing AgNO₃ and stabilizing AgNPs. AgNPs distinctive absorption peak at 417 nm at pH 8 was visible on the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The fruit extract contained bioactive chemicals, which may be the cause of the AgNPs bio-capping and stabilizing properties, according to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) examination, the AgNPs solid crystalline nature and size of 29.05 nm were investigated. Lastly, AFM and HR-TEM studies verified the AgNPs surface morphology, particularly their size and form. The DPPH assay method was used to measure the AgNPs capacity for radical scavenging. As compared to normal ascorbic acid and fruit extract (control), the AgNPs produced from the fruit extract demonstrated good antioxidant effectiveness. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs sample, it was additionally evaluated against E. coli, S. typhi, V. cholera, and S. aureus. With the greatest zone of inhibition and thus the strongest antibacterial activity, S. aureus (12.03 ± 0.043 mm) was the organism that displayed it. On the other hand, the least active strain was V. cholera (9.09 ± 0.013 mm). The data indicates that bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory efficacy together with a notable zone of inhibition. Additionally, S. aureus was shown to be more effective than V. cholera. Future health and pharmaceutical fields may benefit from the biocompatible method of separating AgNPs from L. acidissima fruit extract.