Molecular Breakthroughs in Modern Plant Breeding Techniques

IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Horticultural Plant Journal Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI:10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.004
Mughair Abdul Aziz, Khaled Masmoudi
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Abstract

Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior cultivars. This review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in molecular plant production. Genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive plant breeding are briefly discussed. In this study, we explore contemporary molecular breeding techniques for producing desirable crop varieties. These techniques include cisgenesis, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing, haploid induction, and de novo domestication. We examine the speed breeding approach—a strategy for cultivating plants under controlled conditions. We further highlight the significance of modern breeding technologies in efficiently utilizing agricultural resources for crop production in urban areas. The deciphering of crop genomes has led to the development of extensive DNA markers, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and pangenomes associated with various desirable crop traits. This shift to the genotypic selection of crops considerably expedites the plant breeding process. Based on the plant population used, the connection between genotypic and phenotypic data provides several genetic elements, including genes, markers, and alleles that can be used in genomic breeding and gene editing. The integration of speed breeding with genomic-assisted breeding and cutting-edge genome editing tools has made it feasible to rapidly manipulate and generate multiple crop cycles and accelerate the plant breeding process. Breakthroughs in molecular techniques have led to substantial improvements in modern breeding methods.
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现代植物育种技术的分子突破
分子方法的进步已被用于培育具有多种经济价值性状的作物,以培育优良品种。本综述简要概述了分子植物育种的现代突破。简要讨论了用于预测性植物育种的基因分型和高通量表型方法。在本研究中,我们探讨了培育理想作物品种的现代分子育种技术。这些技术包括顺式育种、聚类规则间隔短回文重复(CRISPR/Cas9)基因编辑、单倍体诱导和从头驯化。我们研究了快速育种方法--一种在受控条件下培育植物的策略。我们进一步强调了现代育种技术在有效利用农业资源促进城市地区作物生产方面的重要意义。作物基因组的解密导致了与各种理想作物性状相关的大量 DNA 标记、数量性状位点(QTL)和泛基因组的开发。向作物基因型选择的转变大大加快了植物育种进程。根据所使用的植物群体,基因型和表型数据之间的联系提供了若干遗传要素,包括基因、标记和等位基因,可用于基因组育种和基因编辑。速度育种与基因组辅助育种和尖端基因组编辑工具的结合,使得快速操作和生成多个作物周期以及加速植物育种过程变得可行。分子技术的突破极大地改进了现代育种方法。
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来源期刊
Horticultural Plant Journal
Horticultural Plant Journal Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
14.00%
发文量
293
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍: Horticultural Plant Journal (HPJ) is an OPEN ACCESS international journal. HPJ publishes research related to all horticultural plants, including fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, tea plants, and medicinal plants, etc. The journal covers all aspects of horticultural crop sciences, including germplasm resources, genetics and breeding, tillage and cultivation, physiology and biochemistry, ecology, genomics, biotechnology, plant protection, postharvest processing, etc. Article types include Original research papers, Reviews, and Short communications.
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