Plants undergo dynamic morphological changes in response to fluctuating light conditions. Despite significant progress in elucidating the mechanisms of light signal transduction, the precise influence of light on the development and regulation of shoot architecture remains a central research question. Studies focusing on model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice suggest light modulates shoot architecture through intricate regulatory networks. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse effects of light on horticultural crops are still poorly understood. This review primarily focuses on horticultural crops, integrating research on model plants, including Arabidopsis and rice, to provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of light signals in plant architectural development. It also explores the prospects for manipulating light environments in greenhouse management strategies.
{"title":"Light regulation of shoot architecture in horticultural crops","authors":"Changan Zhu, Hannah Rae Thomas, Huijia Kang, Xiaojian Xia, Yanhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Plants undergo dynamic morphological changes in response to fluctuating light conditions. Despite significant progress in elucidating the mechanisms of light signal transduction, the precise influence of light on the development and regulation of shoot architecture remains a central research question. Studies focusing on model plants such as <ce:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</ce:italic> and rice suggest light modulates shoot architecture through intricate regulatory networks. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse effects of light on horticultural crops are still poorly understood. This review primarily focuses on horticultural crops, integrating research on model plants, including <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic> and rice, to provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of light signals in plant architectural development. It also explores the prospects for manipulating light environments in greenhouse management strategies.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.007
Meng Lv, Xinhua Zhang, Jin Shang, Yanfang Zhang, Yefei Gu, Xiaoan Li, Fujun Li
The synergistic regulatory effect of the ethylene transcription factor MdERF2 and ubiquitin ligase MdPUB17 on apple (Malus domestica) epidermal wax was examined by transferring the pRI101-MdPUB17-MdERF2 dual overexpression vector (PUB17-ERF2), the empty vector (pRI101), the pRI101-MdPUB17 overexpression vector (PUB17), and the pRI101-MdERF2 overexpression vector (ERF2) into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, respectively, to infect apple callus and fruits with water as the control (CK). The levels of expression of the genes related to the biosynthesis, transport, composition, content, and structure of wax in the callus and/or fruits were studied under different treatments. The synergistic treatment of PUB17-ERF2 resulted in a decrease in the expression levels of MdCER1, MdCER6, MdLACS2, MdWSD1, MdABCG11, MdPAS2, MdFATB, and MdKASII genes as induced by the sole treatment of ERF2. Moreover, in the treatment of PUB17-ERF2, the mass distribution density of the wax was observed to be intermediate between the ERF2 and PUB17 treatments. Furthermore, ERF2 was found to increase the contents of alkanes, alcohols, and ketones, while significantly decreasing the contents of fatty acids and esters. In contrast, PUB17 responded oppositely. When treated with PUB17-ERF2, the effects of PUB17 and ERF2 were observed to counteract each other, which resulted in intermediate levels of these compounds. Additionally, the fruit in the ERF2, PUB17 and PUB17-ERF2 treatments had a different waxy microstructure. Overall, the findings indicate that both ERF2 and PUB17 have an impact on the gene expression, wax composition, content, and microstructure in apple epidermis. Importantly, the co-expression of MdPUB17 and MdERF2 demonstrates their synergistic regulation of the biosynthesis of wax in the apple epidermis.
{"title":"Synergistic impact of MdERF2 and MdPUB17 on the biosynthesis of wax in apple epidermis","authors":"Meng Lv, Xinhua Zhang, Jin Shang, Yanfang Zhang, Yefei Gu, Xiaoan Li, Fujun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"The synergistic regulatory effect of the ethylene transcription factor MdERF2 and ubiquitin ligase MdPUB17 on apple (<ce:italic>Malus domestica</ce:italic>) epidermal wax was examined by transferring the pRI101-<ce:italic>MdPUB17</ce:italic>-<ce:italic>MdERF2</ce:italic> dual overexpression vector (PUB17-ERF2), the empty vector (pRI101), the pRI101-<ce:italic>MdPUB17</ce:italic> overexpression vector (PUB17), and the pRI101-<ce:italic>MdERF2</ce:italic> overexpression vector (ERF2) into <ce:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</ce:italic>, respectively, to infect apple callus and fruits with water as the control (CK). The levels of expression of the genes related to the biosynthesis, transport, composition, content, and structure of wax in the callus and/or fruits were studied under different treatments. The synergistic treatment of PUB17-ERF2 resulted in a decrease in the expression levels of <ce:italic>MdCER1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MdCER6</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MdLACS2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MdWSD1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MdABCG11</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MdPAS2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MdFATB</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>MdKASII</ce:italic> genes as induced by the sole treatment of ERF2. Moreover, in the treatment of PUB17-ERF2, the mass distribution density of the wax was observed to be intermediate between the ERF2 and PUB17 treatments. Furthermore, ERF2 was found to increase the contents of alkanes, alcohols, and ketones, while significantly decreasing the contents of fatty acids and esters. In contrast, PUB17 responded oppositely. When treated with PUB17-ERF2, the effects of PUB17 and ERF2 were observed to counteract each other, which resulted in intermediate levels of these compounds. Additionally, the fruit in the ERF2, PUB17 and PUB17-ERF2 treatments had a different waxy microstructure. Overall, the findings indicate that both ERF2 and PUB17 have an impact on the gene expression, wax composition, content, and microstructure in apple epidermis. Importantly, the co-expression of MdPUB17 and MdERF2 demonstrates their synergistic regulation of the biosynthesis of wax in the apple epidermis.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.003
Carolina Jaime-Rodríguez, Maria Pérez, Marina Pérez-Llorca, Julián Lozano-Castellón, Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt, Johana González-Coria, Olivier Chantry, Rocio Hernandez, Joan Romanyà
This study investigated the short-term effects of woody residues and compost on Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) focusing on plant growth, storage root production, and bioactive compounds. Conducted in a commercial orchard, the experiment compared different organic fertilization treatments with a control. Four treatments were established: Treatment 1 (T1) received compost fertilization; Treatment 2, control, (T2) had no fertilization; and Treatments 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) were fertilized with high (150 t ha⁻1) and low (75 t ha⁻1) doses of woody plant residues, respectively. Although woody residue application initially hampered plant growth, it ultimately enhanced biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus availability, and reduced stress and senescence. Agronomic production did not differ between the compost and woody residue treatments but was increased at the high woody residue dose compared to control. At late growth stages, ascorbic acid decreased in all treatments. At this time, the total phenolic content in storage roots remained high in the woody residue treatments. Conversely, compost reduced the bioactive compounds, without affecting growth, potentially due to oxidative stress in late growth stages. The lower crop senescence index and comparable agronomic production to the compost treatment suggest that woody residues were beneficial for OFSP growth and bioactive composition. The superior quality of the crop produced with woody residues indicates that this is an effective organic fertilization method for sweet potato production that can contribute to its resilience to environmental variations.
{"title":"Impacts of woody residue amendments and compost on ‘Beauregard’ orange fleshed sweet potato","authors":"Carolina Jaime-Rodríguez, Maria Pérez, Marina Pérez-Llorca, Julián Lozano-Castellón, Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt, Johana González-Coria, Olivier Chantry, Rocio Hernandez, Joan Romanyà","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the short-term effects of woody residues and compost on Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) focusing on plant growth, storage root production, and bioactive compounds. Conducted in a commercial orchard, the experiment compared different organic fertilization treatments with a control. Four treatments were established: Treatment 1 (T1) received compost fertilization; Treatment 2, control, (T2) had no fertilization; and Treatments 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) were fertilized with high (150 t ha⁻<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>) and low (75 t ha⁻<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>) doses of woody plant residues, respectively. Although woody residue application initially hampered plant growth, it ultimately enhanced biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus availability, and reduced stress and senescence. Agronomic production did not differ between the compost and woody residue treatments but was increased at the high woody residue dose compared to control. At late growth stages, ascorbic acid decreased in all treatments. At this time, the total phenolic content in storage roots remained high in the woody residue treatments. Conversely, compost reduced the bioactive compounds, without affecting growth, potentially due to oxidative stress in late growth stages. The lower crop senescence index and comparable agronomic production to the compost treatment suggest that woody residues were beneficial for OFSP growth and bioactive composition. The superior quality of the crop produced with woody residues indicates that this is an effective organic fertilization method for sweet potato production that can contribute to its resilience to environmental variations.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugars are crucial in determining fruit quality and significantly affect the commercial value. Sucrose is the primary soluble sugar in ripe peach fruit. However, the regulatory mechanism of sucrose synthesis in peach fruit, especially during natural ripening, remains largely unexplored. This study identified two structural genes of peach (Prunus persica, ‘Jinlinghuanglu’), PpSUS1 and PpSPS2, whose expression was strongly correlated with sucrose accumulation. The transcription factors that regulated the expression of these two genes during peach fruit ripening were screened; and three NACs (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2), whose expression also significantly correlated with sucrose accumulation, were identified. Notably, PpNAP4 (NAC-like, activated by APETALA3/PISTILLATA) displayed the highest activation activity toward the PpSUS1 and PpSPS2 promoters. The direct binding activity was confirmed using luciferase imaging and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The sucrose content and expression of sucrose synthesis-related genes significantly increased when PpNAP4 was overexpressed in peach fruit and the tomato nor mutant. Moreover, PpNAP4 functioned synergistically with PpNAP6 to modulate sucrose synthesis, and PpNAP4 targeted its own promoter and feedback-activated its own expression. This research unveils a novel regulatory mechanism controlling sucrose accumulation in peach fruit.
{"title":"NAC transcription factor PpNAP4 modulates sucrose accumulation by activating the expression of PpSUS1 and PpSPS2 during peach ripening","authors":"Jieyu Dai, Ze Xu, Zhouheng Fang, Qiancheng Han, Pei Shi, Jingwen Zhu, Lijun Cao, Hangkong Liu, Yanan Hu, Caiping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"Sugars are crucial in determining fruit quality and significantly affect the commercial value. Sucrose is the primary soluble sugar in ripe peach fruit. However, the regulatory mechanism of sucrose synthesis in peach fruit, especially during natural ripening, remains largely unexplored. This study identified two structural genes of peach (<ce:italic>Prunus persica</ce:italic>, ‘Jinlinghuanglu’), <ce:italic>PpSUS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PpSPS2</ce:italic>, whose expression was strongly correlated with sucrose accumulation. The transcription factors that regulated the expression of these two genes during peach fruit ripening were screened; and three NACs (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2), whose expression also significantly correlated with sucrose accumulation, were identified. Notably, PpNAP4 (NAC-like, activated by APETALA3/PISTILLATA) displayed the highest activation activity toward the <ce:italic>PpSUS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PpSPS2</ce:italic> promoters. The direct binding activity was confirmed using luciferase imaging and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The sucrose content and expression of sucrose synthesis-related genes significantly increased when <ce:italic>PpNAP4</ce:italic> was overexpressed in peach fruit and the tomato <ce:italic>nor</ce:italic> mutant. Moreover, PpNAP4 functioned synergistically with PpNAP6 to modulate sucrose synthesis, and PpNAP4 targeted its own promoter and feedback-activated its own expression. This research unveils a novel regulatory mechanism controlling sucrose accumulation in peach fruit.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.008
Jinqi Tang, Yan Li, Shun Gong, Tianzhong Li, Qiulei Zhang
Alternaria leaf spot, a fungal disease affecting apple production globally, incurs significant economic losses annually. The pathogenic fungus, A. alternata f. sp. mali (ALT), produces the host-specific AM-toxin and secretory proteins, which disrupt plant metabolism, leading to increased defoliation, fruit drop, compromised fruit quality, and reduced production. In this study, we isolated eight novel ALT strains from Fuji apple leaves exhibiting leaf spot. The most aggressive strain, ALT7, was identified. To determine ALT7 secretory proteins, LC-MS analysis was performed, which showed that three secreted proteins were detected: AaAO (alcohol oxidase), AaPDE (alkaline phosphatase), and AaABC (ATP-binding cassette transporter). Agrobacterium-mediated transgenesis confirmed the extracellular localization of GFP-fused AaAO, AaABC, and AaPDE. To investigate their function, we used fungal transgenesis. Overexpression of AaABC, AaAO, and AaPDE in ALT7 increased its pathogenicity. Conversely, knocking them down decreased ALT7 pathogenicity. Additionally, AaABC was found to facilitate the secretion of AaAO and AaPDE. And AaAO and AaPDE facilitate plant susceptibility by degrading plant cell walls, while AaABC plays a crucial role in their transport, thereby participating in the plant pathogenic process. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AaABC in A. alternata f. sp. mali mediates the secretion of toxic proteins AaAO and AaPDE.
稻瘟病是一种影响全球苹果生产的真菌病，每年造成重大的经济损失。致病真菌A. alternata f. sp. mali （ALT）产生宿主特异性am毒素和分泌蛋白，破坏植物代谢，导致落叶增加、果实掉落、果实质量受损和产量减少。本研究从富士苹果叶片中分离到了8株新的ALT菌株。鉴定出最具侵袭性的菌株为ALT7。为了确定ALT7分泌蛋白，采用LC-MS分析，检测到三种分泌蛋白：AaAO（酒精氧化酶）、AaPDE（碱性磷酸酶）和AaABC （atp结合盒转运蛋白）。农杆菌介导的转基因证实了gfp融合的AaAO、AaABC和AaPDE的细胞外定位。为了研究它们的功能，我们使用了真菌转基因。ALT7中AaABC、AaAO和AaPDE的过表达增加了其致病性。相反，敲除它们会降低ALT7的致病性。此外，我们还发现AaABC能够促进AaAO和AaPDE的分泌。AaAO和AaPDE通过降解植物细胞壁促进植物易感，而AaABC在它们的转运中起着至关重要的作用，从而参与植物的致病过程。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，马利褐花拟南麻的AaABC介导了有毒蛋白AaAO和AaPDE的分泌。
{"title":"AaAO, AaPDE, and AaABC proteins promote Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali ALT7 invasion in apple leaves","authors":"Jinqi Tang, Yan Li, Shun Gong, Tianzhong Li, Qiulei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Alternaria</ce:italic> leaf spot, a fungal disease affecting apple production globally, incurs significant economic losses annually. The pathogenic fungus, <ce:italic>A. alternata</ce:italic> f. sp. <ce:italic>mali</ce:italic> (ALT), produces the host-specific AM-toxin and secretory proteins, which disrupt plant metabolism, leading to increased defoliation, fruit drop, compromised fruit quality, and reduced production. In this study, we isolated eight novel ALT strains from Fuji apple leaves exhibiting leaf spot. The most aggressive strain, ALT7, was identified. To determine ALT7 secretory proteins, LC-MS analysis was performed, which showed that three secreted proteins were detected: AaAO (alcohol oxidase), AaPDE (alkaline phosphatase), and AaABC (ATP-binding cassette transporter). <ce:italic>Agrobacterium</ce:italic>-mediated transgenesis confirmed the extracellular localization of GFP-fused AaAO, AaABC, and AaPDE. To investigate their function, we used fungal transgenesis. Overexpression of <ce:italic>AaABC</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>AaAO</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>AaPDE</ce:italic> in ALT7 increased its pathogenicity. Conversely, knocking them down decreased ALT7 pathogenicity. Additionally, AaABC was found to facilitate the secretion of AaAO and AaPDE. And AaAO and AaPDE facilitate plant susceptibility by degrading plant cell walls, while AaABC plays a crucial role in their transport, thereby participating in the plant pathogenic process. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AaABC in <ce:italic>A. alternata</ce:italic> f. sp. <ce:italic>mali</ce:italic> mediates the secretion of toxic proteins AaAO and AaPDE.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying primary bud necrosis (PBN) in grapevines. PBN is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces grape yields. The four varieties, ‘Shine Muscat’, ‘Summer Black’, ‘Ruby Seedless’, and ‘Hutai 8’, were investigated and found to exhibit differences in PBN, which was positively correlated with the speed and extent of inflorescence differentiation. Among them, ‘Summer Black’ was most susceptible to PBN. Treatment with gibberellin acid 3 (GA3) notably accelerated and exacerbated PBN in ‘Summer Black’, whereas the endogenous gibberellin (GA) inhibitor chlorocholine chloride (CCC) delayed or prevented PBN onset. Histological observations of dormant bud tissues revealed PBN progression in stages, starting with the expansion of cells in the necrosis zone (NZ), followed by cell wall irregularities and collapse, buckling cell layer formation, and subsequent cell separation. In the water control group, NZ mainly occurred in the bud scale layer. However, by the second week after GA3 treatment, primary buds visibly elongated, and NZ was formed at multiple locations along the primary buds. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant regulation of stress-related genes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat-shock proteins (HSPs), following GA3 treatment. Genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways were upregulated after week 2, whereas CCC treatment led to the downregulation of these genes. Furthermore, genes associated with cations such as calcium, iron, and copper showed significant changes across all transcriptome samples. Genes associated with the degradation of cell membranes and cell walls were upregulated in samples treated with GA3 and water control. Overall, these findings suggested that GA3 promoted PBN by enhancing JA synthesis and modulating the cell necrosis pathway via JA signaling. This process involved ROS accumulation and activation of cation pathways, leading to endomembrane and cell wall degradation, cell rupture, and, ultimately, PBN development.
{"title":"Promoting effect of GA3 on primary bud necrosis and its underlying mechanism in grapevines","authors":"Jing Ma, Hui Liu, Chunyang Zhang, Meijun Wang, Yanshuai Xu, Wenting Chen, Guoshun Yang, Miao Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying primary bud necrosis (PBN) in grapevines. PBN is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces grape yields. The four varieties, ‘Shine Muscat’, ‘Summer Black’, ‘Ruby Seedless’, and ‘Hutai 8’, were investigated and found to exhibit differences in PBN, which was positively correlated with the speed and extent of inflorescence differentiation. Among them, ‘Summer Black’ was most susceptible to PBN. Treatment with gibberellin acid 3 (GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) notably accelerated and exacerbated PBN in ‘Summer Black’, whereas the endogenous gibberellin (GA) inhibitor chlorocholine chloride (CCC) delayed or prevented PBN onset. Histological observations of dormant bud tissues revealed PBN progression in stages, starting with the expansion of cells in the necrosis zone (NZ), followed by cell wall irregularities and collapse, buckling cell layer formation, and subsequent cell separation. In the water control group, NZ mainly occurred in the bud scale layer. However, by the second week after GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> treatment, primary buds visibly elongated, and NZ was formed at multiple locations along the primary buds. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant regulation of stress-related genes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat-shock proteins (HSPs), following GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> treatment. Genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways were upregulated after week 2, whereas CCC treatment led to the downregulation of these genes. Furthermore, genes associated with cations such as calcium, iron, and copper showed significant changes across all transcriptome samples. Genes associated with the degradation of cell membranes and cell walls were upregulated in samples treated with GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> and water control. Overall, these findings suggested that GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> promoted PBN by enhancing JA synthesis and modulating the cell necrosis pathway via JA signaling. This process involved ROS accumulation and activation of cation pathways, leading to endomembrane and cell wall degradation, cell rupture, and, ultimately, PBN development.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a high-value eudicot family, many famous horticultural crop genomes have been deciphered in Oleaceae. However, there are currently no bioinformatics platforms focused on empowering genome research in Oleaceae. Herein, we developed the first comprehensive Oleaceae Genome Research Platform (OGRP, https://oleaceae.cgrpoee.top/). In OGRP, 70 genomes of 10 Oleaceae species and 46 eudicots and 366 transcriptomes involving 18 Oleaceae plant tissues can be obtained. We built 34 window-operated bioinformatics tools, collected 38 professional practical software programs, and proposed 3 new pipelines, namely ancient polyploidization identification, ancestral karyotype reconstruction, and gene family evolution. Employing these pipelines to reanalyze the Oleaceae genomes, we clarified the polyploidization, reconstructed the ancestral karyotypes, and explored the effects of paleogenome evolution on genes with specific biological regulatory roles. Significantly, we generated a series of comparative genomic resources focusing on the Oleaceae, comprising 108 genomic synteny dot plots, 1 952 225 collinear gene pairs, multiple genome alignments, and imprints of paleochromosome rearrangements. Moreover, in Oleaceae genomes, researchers can efficiently search for 1 785 987 functional annotations, 22 584 orthogroups, 29 582 important trait genes from 74 gene families, 12 664 transcription factor-related genes, 9 178 872 transposable elements, and all involved regulatory pathways. In addition, we provided downloads and usage instructions for the tools, a species encyclopedia, ecological resources, relevant literatures, and external database links. In short, ORGP integrates rich data resources and powerful analytical tools with the characteristic of continuous updating, which can efficiently empower genome research and agricultural breeding in Oleaceae and other plants.
{"title":"OGRP: A comprehensive bioinformatics platform for the efficient empowerment of Oleaceae genomics research","authors":"Zijian Yu, Yu Li, Tengfei Song, Lixia Gou, Jiaqi Wang, Yue Ding, Zejia Xiao, Jingyue Qin, Hui Jiang, Yan Zhang, Yishan Feng, Xiangming Kong, Shoutong Bao, Shouliang Yin, Tianyu Lei, Jinpeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"As a high-value eudicot family, many famous horticultural crop genomes have been deciphered in Oleaceae. However, there are currently no bioinformatics platforms focused on empowering genome research in Oleaceae. Herein, we developed the first comprehensive Oleaceae Genome Research Platform (OGRP, <ce:inter-ref xlink:href=\"https://oleaceae.cgrpoee.top/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://oleaceae.cgrpoee.top/</ce:inter-ref>). In OGRP, 70 genomes of 10 Oleaceae species and 46 eudicots and 366 transcriptomes involving 18 Oleaceae plant tissues can be obtained. We built 34 window-operated bioinformatics tools, collected 38 professional practical software programs, and proposed 3 new pipelines, namely ancient polyploidization identification, ancestral karyotype reconstruction, and gene family evolution. Employing these pipelines to reanalyze the Oleaceae genomes, we clarified the polyploidization, reconstructed the ancestral karyotypes, and explored the effects of paleogenome evolution on genes with specific biological regulatory roles. Significantly, we generated a series of comparative genomic resources focusing on the Oleaceae, comprising 108 genomic synteny dot plots, 1 952 225 collinear gene pairs, multiple genome alignments, and imprints of paleochromosome rearrangements. Moreover, in Oleaceae genomes, researchers can efficiently search for 1 785 987 functional annotations, 22 584 orthogroups, 29 582 important trait genes from 74 gene families, 12 664 transcription factor-related genes, 9 178 872 transposable elements, and all involved regulatory pathways. In addition, we provided downloads and usage instructions for the tools, a species encyclopedia, ecological resources, relevant literatures, and external database links. In short, ORGP integrates rich data resources and powerful analytical tools with the characteristic of continuous updating, which can efficiently empower genome research and agricultural breeding in Oleaceae and other plants.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.004
Jian Cui, Rong Wu, Xiaoyang Sun, Yong Li
Long-term niche differentiation will lead to the evolution of diverse adaptive strategies for species in diverse environments. The present study selected two Forsythia species, Forsythia mandshurica (Fm)—which naturally occurs in a cold temperate zone and Forsythia suspensa (Fs)—which thrives in a warm temperate zone—to reveal their differential chilling defense mechanisms by integrating morpho-physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data. Transcriptome results show that Fm has evolved in a series of adaptive mechanisms designed to help the plants to cope with chilling stress by enhancing sugar, amino acid, hormone, polyamine, and phenol content to improve cell osmotic potential and to mitigate petal browning. Metabolomic data suggested the increased chilling resistance of Fm relies on in the plant being rich in α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, as well as two amino acids, Phe and Trp, and has low levels of cinnamic acid and gramine in flowers compared to Fs. A higher abundance of glutathione disulfide and NADPH regulated by glutathione peroxidases and NADPH improved the ability of the cellular antioxidant and reduction-oxidation system stability in Fm; Additionally, the elevated levels of pyruvate, α-ketoglutaric acid, and oxaloacetic acid in Fm contributed to a significantly enhanced ATP production in mitochondria. Through Ka/Ks and gene expression analysis, four transcription factors, EVM0025036 (bHLH), EVM0010639 and EVM0007275 (AP2), and EVM0025908 (bZIP) were identified that may contribute to the high cold tolerance of Fm. These adaptations highlight the intricate interplay between genetic and physiological processes that shape the survival strategies of plants in response to their specific ecological niches.
{"title":"Integrated morpho-physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic data to reveal the differential chilling defense mechanisms of two ecologically diverged species of Forsythia","authors":"Jian Cui, Rong Wu, Xiaoyang Sun, Yong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term niche differentiation will lead to the evolution of diverse adaptive strategies for species in diverse environments. The present study selected two <ce:italic>Forsythia</ce:italic> species, <ce:italic>Forsythia mandshurica</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>Fm</ce:italic>)—which naturally occurs in a cold temperate zone and <ce:italic>Forsythia suspensa</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>Fs</ce:italic>)—which thrives in a warm temperate zone—to reveal their differential chilling defense mechanisms by integrating morpho-physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data. Transcriptome results show that <ce:italic>Fm</ce:italic> has evolved in a series of adaptive mechanisms designed to help the plants to cope with chilling stress by enhancing sugar, amino acid, hormone, polyamine, and phenol content to improve cell osmotic potential and to mitigate petal browning. Metabolomic data suggested the increased chilling resistance of <ce:italic>Fm</ce:italic> relies on in the plant being rich in α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, as well as two amino acids, Phe and Trp, and has low levels of cinnamic acid and gramine in flowers compared to <ce:italic>Fs</ce:italic>. A higher abundance of glutathione disulfide and NADPH regulated by glutathione peroxidases and <ce:italic>NADPH</ce:italic> improved the ability of the cellular antioxidant and reduction-oxidation system stability in <ce:italic>Fm</ce:italic>; Additionally, the elevated levels of pyruvate, α-ketoglutaric acid, and oxaloacetic acid in <ce:italic>Fm</ce:italic> contributed to a significantly enhanced ATP production in mitochondria. Through <ce:italic>Ka</ce:italic>/<ce:italic>Ks</ce:italic> and gene expression analysis, four transcription factors, <ce:italic>EVM0025036</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>bHLH</ce:italic>), <ce:italic>EVM0010639 and EVM0007275</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>AP2</ce:italic>), and <ce:italic>EVM0025908</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>bZIP</ce:italic>) were identified that may contribute to the high cold tolerance of <ce:italic>Fm</ce:italic>. These adaptations highlight the intricate interplay between genetic and physiological processes that shape the survival strategies of plants in response to their specific ecological niches.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), one of the top five fruit crops based on the gross tonnage and cultivated area globally, holds major economic importance in agriculture and contributes substantially to farmers’ incomes. Watermelon cultivation relies on sexual reproduction, with meiosis playing a pivotal role in this process. However, our understanding of the meiotic mechanism in watermelon remains limited. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target ClDYAD, a homolog of the meiosis-related genes AtDYAD and OsAM1, and conducted functional analysis to explore the initiation of meiosis in watermelon. ClDYAD was highly expressed in tender male flowers both before and during the early stages of meiosis. Mutations in ClDYAD led to meiotic arrest at the leptotene stage, impeding the normal enlargement of microspore mother cells and megasporocytes. This resulted in the absence of pollen in anthers and seed abortion. ClDYAD physically interacts with the protein encoded by Cla97C07G137480, which was identified as a switch-associated protein 70-like protein (ClSWAP-70). The expression pattern of ClSWAP-70 in tender male flowers of various sizes matched with the changes in ClDYAD mRNA levels. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing the initiation of meiosis in watermelon, offering valuable insights into male and female sterility in Cucurbitaceae plants and guiding future research.
{"title":"Unlocking the role of ClDYAD in initiating meiosis: A functional analysis in watermelon","authors":"Xixi Wu, Yangyuqi Zhang, Wenxin Li, Chunhui Tian, Qin Feng, Jiafa Wang, Yanfeng Zhang, Shujuan Tian, Li Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"Watermelon (<ce:italic>Citrullus lanatus</ce:italic>), one of the top five fruit crops based on the gross tonnage and cultivated area globally, holds major economic importance in agriculture and contributes substantially to farmers’ incomes. Watermelon cultivation relies on sexual reproduction, with meiosis playing a pivotal role in this process. However, our understanding of the meiotic mechanism in watermelon remains limited. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target <ce:italic>ClDYAD</ce:italic>, a homolog of the meiosis-related genes <ce:italic>AtDYAD</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>OsAM1</ce:italic>, and conducted functional analysis to explore the initiation of meiosis in watermelon. <ce:italic>ClDYAD</ce:italic> was highly expressed in tender male flowers both before and during the early stages of meiosis. Mutations in <ce:italic>ClDYAD</ce:italic> led to meiotic arrest at the leptotene stage, impeding the normal enlargement of microspore mother cells and megasporocytes. This resulted in the absence of pollen in anthers and seed abortion. ClDYAD physically interacts with the protein encoded by <ce:italic>Cla97C07G137480</ce:italic>, which was identified as a switch-associated protein 70-like protein (ClSWAP-70). The expression pattern of <ce:italic>ClSWAP-70</ce:italic> in tender male flowers of various sizes matched with the changes in <ce:italic>ClDYAD</ce:italic> mRNA levels. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing the initiation of meiosis in watermelon, offering valuable insights into male and female sterility in Cucurbitaceae plants and guiding future research.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.002
Mikel Rivero-Marcos, Aitziber Calleja-Satrustegui, Idoia Ariz
Ammonium toxicity in plants remains poorly understood despite extensive research. While nitrate is known to benefit plant growth, the synergistic effects of nitrate in mitigating ammonium toxicity, even at low concentrations, are not fully elucidated. This review delves into the physiological and molecular nature of this phenomenon. To date, nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity is the result of cumulative consequences of the role of nitrate as a nutrient and signal in plant performance. The ability to counteract the ammonium-induced acidification through nitrate uptake and metabolism, the enhancement of potassium uptake as an essential nitrate counterion, and the nitrate-dependent signaling of key factors involved in ammonium assimilation, ROS scavenging, and growth hormone biosynthesis, are the most relevant hallmarks. In addition, evidence suggests that the availability of nitrate and ammonium has driven ecological selection in plants, determining current N preferences, and may have led to the selection of nitrate-dependent and ammonium-sensitive domesticated crops and the inefficient use of N fertilizers in agriculture. As ammonium toxicity limits N fertilization options and reduces agricultural yields, when it could be a more sustainable and cheaper alternative to nitrate, this review provides a better understanding of how plants use nitrate to counteract the problematic aspects of ammonium nutrition.
{"title":"The counteracting role of nitrate during ammonium toxicity in plants","authors":"Mikel Rivero-Marcos, Aitziber Calleja-Satrustegui, Idoia Ariz","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium toxicity in plants remains poorly understood despite extensive research. While nitrate is known to benefit plant growth, the synergistic effects of nitrate in mitigating ammonium toxicity, even at low concentrations, are not fully elucidated. This review delves into the physiological and molecular nature of this phenomenon. To date, nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity is the result of cumulative consequences of the role of nitrate as a nutrient and signal in plant performance. The ability to counteract the ammonium-induced acidification through nitrate uptake and metabolism, the enhancement of potassium uptake as an essential nitrate counterion, and the nitrate-dependent signaling of key factors involved in ammonium assimilation, ROS scavenging, and growth hormone biosynthesis, are the most relevant hallmarks. In addition, evidence suggests that the availability of nitrate and ammonium has driven ecological selection in plants, determining current N preferences, and may have led to the selection of nitrate-dependent and ammonium-sensitive domesticated crops and the inefficient use of N fertilizers in agriculture. As ammonium toxicity limits N fertilization options and reduces agricultural yields, when it could be a more sustainable and cheaper alternative to nitrate, this review provides a better understanding of how plants use nitrate to counteract the problematic aspects of ammonium nutrition.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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