Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.003
Hongming Chen, Zhiyou Xuan, Lu Yang, Song Zhang, Mengji Cao
In this review, the advantages and advances in applying high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in the management of viral diseases in citrus, along with some challenges, are discussed to provide perspectives on future prospects. Since the initial implementation of HTS in citrus virology, a substantial number of citrus viruses have been identified, with a notable increase in the last 7 years. The acquisition of viral genomes and various HTS-based omics analyses serve as crucial pillars for advancing research in the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, evolution, ecology, and biotechnology of citrus viruses. HTS has notably contributed to disease diagnosis, such as the diagnoses of concave gum and impietratura, as well as to the surveillance of new virus risks and the preparation of virus-free materials. However, certain inherent defects in HTS and coupled bioinformatics analysis, such as challenges with sequence assembly and the detection of viral dark matter, require improvement to enhance practical efficiency. In addition, the utilization of HTS for the systematic management of citrus viral diseases remains limited, and drawing insights from other virus–plant pathosystems while integrating emerging compatible techniques and ideas may broaden its specific applications.
{"title":"Managing virus diseases in citrus: Leveraging high-throughput sequencing for versatile applications","authors":"Hongming Chen, Zhiyou Xuan, Lu Yang, Song Zhang, Mengji Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, the advantages and advances in applying high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in the management of viral diseases in citrus, along with some challenges, are discussed to provide perspectives on future prospects. Since the initial implementation of HTS in citrus virology, a substantial number of citrus viruses have been identified, with a notable increase in the last 7 years. The acquisition of viral genomes and various HTS-based omics analyses serve as crucial pillars for advancing research in the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, evolution, ecology, and biotechnology of citrus viruses. HTS has notably contributed to disease diagnosis, such as the diagnoses of concave gum and impietratura, as well as to the surveillance of new virus risks and the preparation of virus-free materials. However, certain inherent defects in HTS and coupled bioinformatics analysis, such as challenges with sequence assembly and the detection of viral dark matter, require improvement to enhance practical efficiency. In addition, the utilization of HTS for the systematic management of citrus viral diseases remains limited, and drawing insights from other virus–plant pathosystems while integrating emerging compatible techniques and ideas may broaden its specific applications.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypocotyl length is regarded to be a crucial seedling trait, influencing many subsequent plant development processes. However, little is known about this trait in Brassica campestris syn. Brasscia rapa. Here, we performed a comparative observation on the early hypocotyl development between two cultivars, ‘SZQ’ belonging to pak-choi (B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis) with longer hypocotyls, and ‘WTC’ belonging to Tacai (B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis) with shortter hypocotyls, and found that the difference in auxin biosynthesis might contribute to the varied hypocotyl phenotype between these two cultivars. By applying GWAS analysis using a total of 226 B. campestris accessions, we identified that the AT-Hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) gene BcAHL24-MF1 contributed to the natural variation in hypocotyl length. Functional variation of BcAHL24-MF1 was attributed to four haplotypes featuring four SNPs within the promoter region, of which Hap I accumulated more transcripts with shorter hypocotyls. Constitutive overexpression of BcAHL24-MF1 in B. campestris caused decreased hypocotyl length under light circumstances and even constant darkness, as BcAHL24-MF1 repressed the PIF-mediated transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis genes BcYUC6-MF2 and BcYUC8-LF. Our research uncovered the important role of BcAHL24-MF1 in regulating light-triggered inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, therefore presenting a valuable genetic target for crop breeding.
{"title":"BcAHL24-MF1 promotes photomorphogenesis in Brassica campestris via inhibiting over-elongation of hypocotyl under light conditions","authors":"Huiyan Zhou, Jingwen Chen, Xiaojie Cai, Xiangtan Yao, Xinhua Quan, Songhua Bai, Jinzhuang Ni, Yujing Shao, Li Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"Hypocotyl length is regarded to be a crucial seedling trait, influencing many subsequent plant development processes. However, little is known about this trait in <ce:italic>Brassica campestris</ce:italic> syn. <ce:italic>Brasscia rapa</ce:italic>. Here, we performed a comparative observation on the early hypocotyl development between two cultivars, ‘SZQ’ belonging to pak-choi (<ce:italic>B. campestris</ce:italic> ssp. <ce:italic>chinensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>communis</ce:italic>) with longer hypocotyls, and ‘WTC’ belonging to Tacai (<ce:italic>B</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>campestris</ce:italic> L. ssp. <ce:italic>chinensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>rosularis</ce:italic>) with shortter hypocotyls, and found that the difference in auxin biosynthesis might contribute to the varied hypocotyl phenotype between these two cultivars. By applying GWAS analysis using a total of 226 <ce:italic>B. campestris</ce:italic> accessions, we identified that the AT-Hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) gene <ce:italic>BcAHL24-MF1</ce:italic> contributed to the natural variation in hypocotyl length. Functional variation of BcAHL24-MF1 was attributed to four haplotypes featuring four SNPs within the promoter region, of which Hap I accumulated more transcripts with shorter hypocotyls. Constitutive overexpression of <ce:italic>BcAHL24-MF1</ce:italic> in <ce:italic>B. campestris</ce:italic> caused decreased hypocotyl length under light circumstances and even constant darkness, as BcAHL24-MF1 repressed the PIF-mediated transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis genes <ce:italic>BcYUC6-MF2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>BcYUC8-LF.</ce:italic> Our research uncovered the important role of BcAHL24-MF1 in regulating light-triggered inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, therefore presenting a valuable genetic target for crop breeding.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.008
Chenlu Zhang, Ling Li, Yutong Zhang, Qiannan Liang, Sha Luo, Zhi Huang, Huanxiu Li, Victor Hugo Escalona, Zhifeng Chen, Fen Zhang, Yi Tang, Bo Sun
Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species. However, the role of CRTISO in other biochemical processes during plant growth and development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Chinese kale boacrtiso mutants have distinctive characteristics, including a yellow-green hue and glossy appearance, and this contrasts with the dark green and glaucous traits observed in wild-type (WT) plants. Analysis of pigments in mutants revealed that the reduction in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls contributed to the yellow-green coloration observed in mutants. An examination of cuticular waxes in Chinese kale indicated that there was a decrease in both the total wax content and the content of individual waxes in boacrtiso mutants (bearing a mutation of BoaCRTISO), which may be caused by the decrease of abscisic acid (ABA) content. The expression of carotenoid, chlorophyll, ABA, and wax biosynthesis genes was down-regulated in boacrtiso mutants. This finding confirms that BoaCRTISO regulates the biosynthesis of pigments, ABA, and cuticular waxes in Chinese kale. Our results provide new insights into the interplay between plant pigment and cuticular wax metabolic pathways in Brassica vegetables.
{"title":"BoaCRTISO regulates the color and glossiness of Chinese kale through its effects on pigment, abscisic acid, and cuticular wax biosynthesis","authors":"Chenlu Zhang, Ling Li, Yutong Zhang, Qiannan Liang, Sha Luo, Zhi Huang, Huanxiu Li, Victor Hugo Escalona, Zhifeng Chen, Fen Zhang, Yi Tang, Bo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species. However, the role of CRTISO in other biochemical processes during plant growth and development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Chinese kale <ce:italic>boacrtiso</ce:italic> mutants have distinctive characteristics, including a yellow-green hue and glossy appearance, and this contrasts with the dark green and glaucous traits observed in wild-type (WT) plants. Analysis of pigments in mutants revealed that the reduction in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls contributed to the yellow-green coloration observed in mutants. An examination of cuticular waxes in Chinese kale indicated that there was a decrease in both the total wax content and the content of individual waxes in <ce:italic>boacrtiso</ce:italic> mutants (bearing a mutation of <ce:italic>BoaCRTISO</ce:italic>), which may be caused by the decrease of abscisic acid (ABA) content. The expression of carotenoid, chlorophyll, ABA, and wax biosynthesis genes was down-regulated in <ce:italic>boacrtiso</ce:italic> mutants. This finding confirms that <ce:italic>BoaCRTISO</ce:italic> regulates the biosynthesis of pigments, ABA, and cuticular waxes in Chinese kale. Our results provide new insights into the interplay between plant pigment and cuticular wax metabolic pathways in <ce:italic>Brassica</ce:italic> vegetables.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.002
Yujie Hu, Tianyi Zheng, Jie Dong, Wangze Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Jin Li, Yulin Fang, Keqin Chen, Kekun Zhang
Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance. These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions. Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds. For some fruits, terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value. Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation. In this review, we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees, emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway, and analyze TPS gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species. Moreover, the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis, including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways, are comprehensively described. Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis, providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.
{"title":"Regulation of the main terpenoids biosynthesis and accumulation in fruit trees","authors":"Yujie Hu, Tianyi Zheng, Jie Dong, Wangze Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Jin Li, Yulin Fang, Keqin Chen, Kekun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance. These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions. Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds. For some fruits, terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value. Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation. In this review, we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees, emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway, and analyze <ce:italic>TPS</ce:italic> gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species. Moreover, the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis, including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways, are comprehensively described. Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis, providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) constitute a diverse family of synthetic polysaccharides with important roles in plant growth and development. This study characterized the GT14 family gene BpGT14;6 of birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.). BpGT14;6 was highly expressed in the xylem and stem of birch plants. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that BpGT14;6 was located in the Golgi apparatus. RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of BpGT14;6 revealed lower lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin contents compared to wild type (WT) plants. Following treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), compared to WT plants, RNAi-BpGT14;6 plants were more sensitive to ABA, suffered more membrane lipid damage, and accumulated more reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of BpGT14;6 expression narrowed the birch xylem and thinned the cell wall, and increased the expression of multiple ABA pathway-related genes in birch under ABA treatment. Compared to WT plants, RNAi-BpGT14;6 plants showed increased tolerance to drought stress. Promoter analysis revealed that BpGT14;6 is involved in hormone regulation and adaptation to adversity. Using the 1156 bp BpGT14;6 promoter as bait, two potential transcription factors, BpWRKY1 and BpARF2, were identified through Y1H screening that may regulate its expression. EMSA confirmed that BpWRKY1 and BpARF2 can directly bind to the W-BOX and AuxRE cis-acting elements on the BpGT14;6 promoter, respectively. The collective results suggest that BpGT14;6 affects birch xylem and cell wall development by affecting lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin synthesis, and participates in birch adversity adaptation.
{"title":"Betula platyphylla glucosyltransferase BpGT14;6 is essential for cell wall development and stress response","authors":"Xiaohui Chen, Ruijia Zhang, Jialin Yan, Xinying Jia, Ronghua Liang, Fengkun Sun, Leilei Li, Minghao Ma, Yaguang Zhan, Fansuo Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"Glycosyltransferases (GTs) constitute a diverse family of synthetic polysaccharides with important roles in plant growth and development. This study characterized the GT14 family gene <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> of birch (<ce:italic>Betula platyphylla</ce:italic> Suk.). <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> was highly expressed in the xylem and stem of birch plants. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> was located in the Golgi apparatus. RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> revealed lower lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin contents compared to wild type (WT) plants. Following treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), compared to WT plants, RNAi-<ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> plants were more sensitive to ABA, suffered more membrane lipid damage, and accumulated more reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> expression narrowed the birch xylem and thinned the cell wall, and increased the expression of multiple ABA pathway-related genes in birch under ABA treatment. Compared to WT plants, RNAi-<ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> plants showed increased tolerance to drought stress. Promoter analysis revealed that <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> is involved in hormone regulation and adaptation to adversity. Using the 1156 bp <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> promoter as bait, two potential transcription factors, BpWRKY1 and BpARF2, were identified through Y1H screening that may regulate its expression. EMSA confirmed that BpWRKY1 and BpARF2 can directly bind to the W-BOX and AuxRE <ce:italic>cis</ce:italic>-acting elements on the <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> promoter, respectively. The collective results suggest that <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> affects birch xylem and cell wall development by affecting lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin synthesis, and participates in birch adversity adaptation.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyamines (PAs) and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development. However, their roles in fruit-set, especially in exogenous gibberellin (GA3)-induced grape parthenocarpic berries, and the related competitive action mode are poorly understood. For this, we, here performed their content determination, bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of genes to identify the key ones in the competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis (PMEB) pathways. The content of putrescine (Put) significantly increased; while 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) sharply decreased during the fruit-set process of GA3-induced grape parthenocarpic seedless berries. Totally, twenty-five genes in PMEB pathways, including 20 polyamines metabolic (PM) genes and 5 ethylene biosynthesis (EB) ones were identified in grape, of which 8 PM and 2 EB genes possessed the motifs responsive to phytohormone GA. The expression levels of most PMEB genes kept changing during grape fruit-set generating a competitive action mode of GA3-mediated two metabolic fluxes toward PAs and ethylene synthesis. Exogenous GA3 might enhance grape fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries via up-regulation of VvSAMS4, VvSAMDC1/2, VvODC1, VvSPDS1, and VvPAO1 to promote PAs accumulation, whereby repressing the ethylene synthesis by down-regulation of VvACS1 and VvACO2. Our findings provide novel insights into GA3-mediated competitive inhibition of ethylene by PAs to promote the fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries in grape, which has important implications for molecular breeding of seedless grape with high fruit-setting rate.
多胺（PA）和乙烯参与植物生长和发育的调控。然而，它们在葡萄坐果过程中的作用，尤其是在外源赤霉素（GA3）诱导的葡萄孤雌生殖浆果中的作用，以及相关的竞争作用模式，却鲜为人知。为此，我们进行了多胺含量测定、生物信息学和基因表达模式分析，以确定多胺代谢和乙烯生物合成（PMEB）途径竞争网络中的关键基因。在 GA3 诱导的葡萄孤雌生殖无籽浆果坐果过程中，腐胺（Put）含量显著增加，而 1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量急剧下降。在葡萄中总共发现了25个PMEB通路基因，包括20个多胺代谢（PM）基因和5个乙烯生物合成（EB）基因，其中8个PM基因和2个EB基因具有对植物激素GA的响应基序。大多数 PMEB 基因的表达水平在葡萄坐果期间不断变化，形成了 GA3 介导的 PAs 和乙烯合成两种代谢通量的竞争作用模式。外源 GA3 可能通过上调 VvSAMS4、VvSAMDC1/2、VvODC1、VvSPDS1 和 VvPAO1 来促进 PAs 的积累，同时通过下调 VvACS1 和 VvACO2 来抑制乙烯的合成，从而提高孤雌生殖浆果的坐果率。我们的研究结果为 GA3 介导的 PAs 竞争性抑制乙烯以促进葡萄孤雌生殖浆果坐果提供了新的见解，这对分子育种高坐果率的无籽葡萄具有重要意义。
{"title":"Competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis pathways during gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic grape fruit setting","authors":"Xuxian Xuan, Ziyang Qu, Ehsan Sadeghnezhad, Zhenqiang Xie, Ziyang Qi, Hui Yang, Xiuling Song, Mucheng Yu, Linjia Luo, Rana Badar Aziz, Yanping Zhang, Peijie Gong, Jinggui Fang, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"Polyamines (PAs) and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development. However, their roles in fruit-set, especially in exogenous gibberellin (GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>)-induced grape parthenocarpic berries, and the related competitive action mode are poorly understood. For this, we, here performed their content determination, bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of genes to identify the key ones in the competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis (PMEB) pathways. The content of putrescine (Put) significantly increased; while 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) sharply decreased during the fruit-set process of GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-induced grape parthenocarpic seedless berries. Totally, twenty-five genes in PMEB pathways, including 20 polyamines metabolic (PM) genes and 5 ethylene biosynthesis (EB) ones were identified in grape, of which 8 PM and 2 EB genes possessed the motifs responsive to phytohormone GA. The expression levels of most PMEB genes kept changing during grape fruit-set generating a competitive action mode of GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-mediated two metabolic fluxes toward PAs and ethylene synthesis. Exogenous GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> might enhance grape fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries via up-regulation of <ce:italic>VvSAMS4</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvSAMDC1/2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvODC1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvSPDS1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>VvPAO1</ce:italic> to promote PAs accumulation<ce:italic>,</ce:italic> whereby repressing the ethylene synthesis by down-regulation of <ce:italic>VvACS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>VvACO2.</ce:italic> Our findings provide novel insights into GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-mediated competitive inhibition of ethylene by PAs to promote the fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries in grape, which has important implications for molecular breeding of seedless grape with high fruit-setting rate.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.001
Sanyan Lai, Ning Yi, Shixin Yin, Yipeng Huang, Tianlin Shen, Qianying Dai, Liping Gao, Xiaolan Jiang, Tao Xia
Tea flavor is a comprehensive representation of its aroma and other characteristics. The formation of volatile odor compounds during tea processing depends on a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. (Z)-3-hexenol is considered the primary source of the green odor and is also the most important component in tea aroma, significantly affecting the overall aroma. However, the biosynthesis and accumulation of (Z)-3-hexenol during tea processing have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we found that withering treatment at different times and withering plus shaking treatment at different degrees promoted the accumulation of important volatile components of green tea odor, especially (Z)-3-hexenol by GC–MS. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that withering and withering plus shaking treatments enhanced the expression of (Z)-3-hexenol-related genes in tea leaves, including synthetic pathway 1 genes (CsLOX3, CsHPL1, CsADH4, and CsAHD1), synthetic pathway 2 genes (CsGLU), and synthetic pathway 3 genes (CsCXEs). Correlation analysis of the key odorants and important genes in the three synthetic pathways revealed that some CsCXEs were positively correlated with green odor compounds. The in vitro enzyme activity results showed that rCsCXE3 (GWHTASIV011658), and rCsCXE6 (GWHTASIV031480) exhibited hydrolytic activity against three tea acetate compounds [hexyl acetate, (E)-2-hexyl acetate, and (Z)-3-hexyl acetate], resulting in the production of corresponding alcohol compounds. In summary, withering and shaking treatment during tea processing promoted the expression of CsCXE3 and CsCXE6, thereby enhancing the production of hexenol compounds. These compounds play a crucial role in increasing the green odor of tea.
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of CsCXEs: Carboxylesterase enhances the biosynthesis of green odor volatiles during tea processing","authors":"Sanyan Lai, Ning Yi, Shixin Yin, Yipeng Huang, Tianlin Shen, Qianying Dai, Liping Gao, Xiaolan Jiang, Tao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Tea flavor is a comprehensive representation of its aroma and other characteristics. The formation of volatile odor compounds during tea processing depends on a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol is considered the primary source of the green odor and is also the most important component in tea aroma, significantly affecting the overall aroma. However, the biosynthesis and accumulation of (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol during tea processing have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we found that withering treatment at different times and withering plus shaking treatment at different degrees promoted the accumulation of important volatile components of green tea odor, especially (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol by GC–MS. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that withering and withering plus shaking treatments enhanced the expression of (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol-related genes in tea leaves, including synthetic pathway 1 genes (<ce:italic>CsLOX3</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CsHPL1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CsADH4</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CsAHD1</ce:italic>), synthetic pathway 2 genes (<ce:italic>CsGLU</ce:italic>), and synthetic pathway 3 genes (<ce:italic>CsCXEs</ce:italic>). Correlation analysis of the key odorants and important genes in the three synthetic pathways revealed that some <ce:italic>CsCXEs</ce:italic> were positively correlated with green odor compounds. The <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> enzyme activity results showed that rCsCXE3 (GWHTASIV011658), and rCsCXE6 (GWHTASIV031480) exhibited hydrolytic activity against three tea acetate compounds [hexyl acetate, (<ce:italic>E</ce:italic>)-2-hexyl acetate, and (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexyl acetate], resulting in the production of corresponding alcohol compounds. In summary, withering and shaking treatment during tea processing promoted the expression of <ce:italic>CsCXE3</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>CsCXE6</ce:italic>, thereby enhancing the production of hexenol compounds. These compounds play a crucial role in increasing the green odor of tea.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought stress significantly impedes apple growth, development, and yield, leading to substantial economic losses within the global apple industry. Malus prunifolia (Mp), a commonly utilized apple rootstock, has shown promise in augmenting cultivated apple resistance to abiotic stress. Although Alfin-like (ALs) proteins have demonstrated pivotal roles in dicotyledonous plants' response to abiotic stresses, knowledge about AL genes in apple rootstocks is limited, and their functions remain largely elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized 10 MpAL gene members in the apple rootstock genome, confirming their localization within the nucleus. Our investigation revealed the significant regulation of MpALs' expression under drought and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses in M. prunifolia. In this study, one of the members, MpAL1, was selected for further exploration in Arabidopsis and apple to explore its potential function in response to drought and ABA stresses. The results showed that overexpression-MpAL1 transgenic apple calli grew significantly better than WT and MpAL1-RNAi lines, which regulates the accumulation of H2O2 and O2- levels. Additionally, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing MpAL1 exhibited positively regulating anti-oxidant enzymes activities under stress treatments. Further study showed that silencing MpAL1 in apple plants showed obvious chlorosis in leaves, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under drought stress. Moreover, our detailed analysis established that MpAL1 regulates several drought and ABA-responsive genes, exerting an influence on their expression in transgenic apple. Collectively, our findings identify MpAL1 as a positive regulator that increases drought stress in apple, shedding light on its potential significance in bolstering drought resistance in this fruit crop.
干旱胁迫严重阻碍了苹果的生长、发育和产量，给全球苹果产业造成了巨大的经济损失。苹果砧木 Malus prunifolia（Mp）是一种常用的苹果砧木，在增强栽培苹果对非生物胁迫的抗性方面表现出良好的前景。虽然类阿尔菲蛋白（ALs）在双子叶植物对非生物胁迫的反应中发挥了关键作用，但人们对苹果砧木中的类阿尔菲蛋白基因了解有限，其功能在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。在这项研究中，我们鉴定并描述了苹果砧木基因组中的 10 个 MpAL 基因成员，确认了它们在细胞核中的定位。我们的研究发现，在干旱和脱落酸（ABA）胁迫下，MpALs的表达对M.本研究选择了其中一个成员 MpAL1 在拟南芥和苹果中进行进一步研究，以探索其在干旱和 ABA 胁迫下的潜在功能。结果表明，过表达-MpAL1转基因苹果胼胝体的生长明显优于WT和MpAL1-RNAi株系，它能调节H2O2和O2-水平的积累。此外，过表达 MpAL1 的转基因拟南芥植株在胁迫处理下表现出正向调节抗氧化酶活性。进一步的研究表明，沉默 MpAL1 的苹果植株在干旱胁迫下会出现明显的叶片萎黄和活性氧积累现象。此外，我们的详细分析还证实，MpAL1 可调控多个干旱和 ABA 响应基因，并对其在转基因苹果中的表达产生影响。总之，我们的研究结果表明，MpAL1 是一种增加苹果干旱胁迫的正调控因子，揭示了它在增强这种水果作物抗旱性方面的潜在意义。
{"title":"Investigating the role of MpAL1 in drought stress responses in Malus prunifolia: Insights into AL gene family functionality","authors":"Peien Feng, Jiale Li, Qiuying Ai, Xinchu Li, Jiawei Luo, Yunxiao Liu, Jiakai Liang, Chongrong Chen, Yangjun Zou, Fengwang Ma, Tao Zhao, Yaqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress significantly impedes apple growth, development, and yield, leading to substantial economic losses within the global apple industry. <ce:italic>Malus prunifolia</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>Mp</ce:italic>), a commonly utilized apple rootstock, has shown promise in augmenting cultivated apple resistance to abiotic stress. Although Alfin-like (ALs) proteins have demonstrated pivotal roles in dicotyledonous plants' response to abiotic stresses, knowledge about AL genes in apple rootstocks is limited, and their functions remain largely elusive. In this study, we identified and characterized 10 <ce:italic>MpAL</ce:italic> gene members in the apple rootstock genome, confirming their localization within the nucleus. Our investigation revealed the significant regulation of <ce:italic>MpALs</ce:italic>' expression under drought and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses in <ce:italic>M. prunifolia</ce:italic>. In this study, one of the members, <ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic>, was selected for further exploration in <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic> and apple to explore its potential function in response to drought and ABA stresses. The results showed that overexpression-<ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic> transgenic apple calli grew significantly better than WT and <ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic>-RNAi lines, which regulates the accumulation of H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> levels. Additionally, transgenic <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic> plants overexpressing <ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic> exhibited positively regulating anti-oxidant enzymes activities under stress treatments. Further study showed that silencing <ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic> in apple plants showed obvious chlorosis in leaves, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under drought stress. Moreover, our detailed analysis established that <ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic> regulates several drought and ABA-responsive genes, exerting an influence on their expression in transgenic apple. Collectively, our findings identify <ce:italic>MpAL1</ce:italic> as a positive regulator that increases drought stress in apple, shedding light on its potential significance in bolstering drought resistance in this fruit crop.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.012
Jie Ge, Jide Fan, Yongqiang Zhao, Xinjuan Lu, Canyu Liu, Biwei Zhang, Qingqing Yang, Mengqian Li, Yan Yang, Feng Yang
Commercial cultivars of garlic, a popular condiment, are sterile, making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging. Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration. In this work, we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers. Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration. Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion. A total of 100 710 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified, many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis, MYB transcription factor regulation, ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction. Taken together, these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.
{"title":"Comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals stage-specific gene expression profiles associated with gamete formation in Allium sativum L.","authors":"Jie Ge, Jide Fan, Yongqiang Zhao, Xinjuan Lu, Canyu Liu, Biwei Zhang, Qingqing Yang, Mengqian Li, Yan Yang, Feng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial cultivars of garlic, a popular condiment, are sterile, making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging. Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration. In this work, we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers. Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration. Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion. A total of 100 710 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified, many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis, MYB transcription factor regulation, ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction. Taken together, these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.005
Dan Liu, Kun Liu, Boqiang Tong, Haili Guo, Kai Qu, Ting Xu, Ren-Gang Zhang, Wei Zhao, Xiaoman Xie, Longxin Wang, Kai-Hua Jia
Rosa, a genus esteemed worldwide for its ornamental plants, has encountered barriers in functional genomic studies and further genetic enhancement due to incomplete sequences and floating regions in previously sequenced genomes. Our groundbreaking study introduced a meticulously assembled, continuous, and fully bridged reference genome for Rosa rugosa, constructed through a sophisticated combination of PacBio High-Fidelity, ONT ultra-long reads, and Hi-C data. This robust assembly spanned 444.55 Mb and encompassed 34 109 protein-coding genes. We have uniquely assembled each chromosome into single, gap-free structures, successfully identifying all 14 telomeres and seven centromeres, a feat not achieved previously. The centromeric regions were distinguished by tandem repeats, primarily composed of centromere-specific 159-bp monomers, and a significant enrichment of ATHILA/Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons in proximal regions. Our research highlighted recent tandem duplications as instrumental in bolstering R. rugosa's stress tolerance, environmental adaptability, and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our study ventured into uncharted territory by predicting transcription factors potentially regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis through the employment of gene co-expression networks, providing new avenues for research. This comprehensive reference genome not only serves as a cornerstone for in-depth exploration of genomic architecture and functionalities in R. rugosa but also acts as a catalyst for innovative breeding strategies and genetic refinement within the genus.
蔷薇属因其观赏植物而备受世人推崇，但由于之前测序的基因组中存在不完整序列和浮游区，该属在功能基因组研究和进一步基因强化方面遇到了障碍。我们的开创性研究为 Rosa rugosa 引入了一个经过精心组装、连续且完全桥接的参考基因组，该基因组是通过 PacBio 高保真、ONT 超长读数和 Hi-C 数据的复杂组合构建而成的。这个强大的基因组横跨 444.55 Mb，包含 34 109 个蛋白编码基因。我们将每条染色体独特地组装成单一、无间隙的结构，成功识别了所有 14 个端粒和 7 个中心粒，这是以前从未实现过的。中心粒区域以串联重复为特征，主要由中心粒特异性的 159-bp 单体组成，并且在近端区域显著富含 ATHILA/Gypsy 长末端重复反转座子。我们的研究突出表明，最近的串联重复有助于增强 R. rugosa 的抗逆性、环境适应性和花青素合成能力。此外，我们的研究还通过利用基因共表达网络预测了可能调控花青素生物合成的转录因子，为研究提供了新的途径。这个全面的参考基因组不仅是深入探索 R. rugosa 基因组结构和功能的基石，也是该属创新育种策略和基因改良的催化剂。
{"title":"Telomere-to-telomere, gap-free assembly of the Rosa rugosa reference genome","authors":"Dan Liu, Kun Liu, Boqiang Tong, Haili Guo, Kai Qu, Ting Xu, Ren-Gang Zhang, Wei Zhao, Xiaoman Xie, Longxin Wang, Kai-Hua Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"Rosa, a genus esteemed worldwide for its ornamental plants, has encountered barriers in functional genomic studies and further genetic enhancement due to incomplete sequences and floating regions in previously sequenced genomes. Our groundbreaking study introduced a meticulously assembled, continuous, and fully bridged reference genome for <ce:italic>Rosa rugosa</ce:italic>, constructed through a sophisticated combination of PacBio High-Fidelity, ONT ultra-long reads, and Hi-C data. This robust assembly spanned 444.55 Mb and encompassed 34 109 protein-coding genes. We have uniquely assembled each chromosome into single, gap-free structures, successfully identifying all 14 telomeres and seven centromeres, a feat not achieved previously. The centromeric regions were distinguished by tandem repeats, primarily composed of centromere-specific 159-bp monomers, and a significant enrichment of <ce:italic>ATHILA</ce:italic>/<ce:italic>Gypsy</ce:italic> long terminal repeat retrotransposons in proximal regions. Our research highlighted recent tandem duplications as instrumental in bolstering <ce:italic>R. rugosa</ce:italic>'s stress tolerance, environmental adaptability, and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our study ventured into uncharted territory by predicting transcription factors potentially regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis through the employment of gene co-expression networks, providing new avenues for research. This comprehensive reference genome not only serves as a cornerstone for in-depth exploration of genomic architecture and functionalities in <ce:italic>R. rugosa</ce:italic> but also acts as a catalyst for innovative breeding strategies and genetic refinement within the genus.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：