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Comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals stage-specific gene expression profiles associated with gamete formation in Allium sativum L. 比较转录组学分析揭示了与薤配子形成相关的特定阶段基因表达谱
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.012
Jie Ge, Jide Fan, Yongqiang Zhao, Xinjuan Lu, Canyu Liu, Biwei Zhang, Qingqing Yang, Mengqian Li, Yan Yang, Feng Yang
Commercial cultivars of garlic, a popular condiment, are sterile, making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging. Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration. In this work, we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers. Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration. Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion. A total of 100 710 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified, many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis, MYB transcription factor regulation, ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction. Taken together, these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.
大蒜是一种广受欢迎的调味品,其商业栽培品种是不育的,这使得该植物的遗传变异和种质创新面临挑战。因此,了解大蒜配子不育的机理及其关键调控网络对于生育能力的恢复非常重要。在这项工作中,我们对大蒜的可育和不育基因型进行了详细的表型分析,发现不育基因型花序中顶端着生组的扩大导致花朵异常。其他细胞学观察结果表明,不育大蒜的减数分裂细胞分裂异常最终导致花粉退化。不育和可育基因型的转录组学分析确定了配子流产的可能分子机制。在配子发育的三个阶段,可育和不育大蒜花之间共鉴定出 100 710 个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中许多基因参与减数分裂过程中的同源染色体突触、MYB 转录因子调控、核糖体生物发生和植物激素信号转导。总之,这些结果使人们对大蒜配子发育的分子机制和调控网络有了更深入的了解,并为进一步的功能表征提供了一组候选基因。
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引用次数: 0
Telomere-to-telomere, gap-free assembly of the Rosa rugosa reference genome 蔷薇参考基因组的端粒到端粒无间隙组装
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.005
Dan Liu, Kun Liu, Boqiang Tong, Haili Guo, Kai Qu, Ting Xu, Ren-Gang Zhang, Wei Zhao, Xiaoman Xie, Longxin Wang, Kai-Hua Jia
Rosa, a genus esteemed worldwide for its ornamental plants, has encountered barriers in functional genomic studies and further genetic enhancement due to incomplete sequences and floating regions in previously sequenced genomes. Our groundbreaking study introduced a meticulously assembled, continuous, and fully bridged reference genome for Rosa rugosa, constructed through a sophisticated combination of PacBio High-Fidelity, ONT ultra-long reads, and Hi-C data. This robust assembly spanned 444.55 Mb and encompassed 34 109 protein-coding genes. We have uniquely assembled each chromosome into single, gap-free structures, successfully identifying all 14 telomeres and seven centromeres, a feat not achieved previously. The centromeric regions were distinguished by tandem repeats, primarily composed of centromere-specific 159-bp monomers, and a significant enrichment of ATHILA/Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons in proximal regions. Our research highlighted recent tandem duplications as instrumental in bolstering R. rugosa's stress tolerance, environmental adaptability, and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our study ventured into uncharted territory by predicting transcription factors potentially regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis through the employment of gene co-expression networks, providing new avenues for research. This comprehensive reference genome not only serves as a cornerstone for in-depth exploration of genomic architecture and functionalities in R. rugosa but also acts as a catalyst for innovative breeding strategies and genetic refinement within the genus.
蔷薇属因其观赏植物而备受世人推崇,但由于之前测序的基因组中存在不完整序列和浮游区,该属在功能基因组研究和进一步基因强化方面遇到了障碍。我们的开创性研究为 Rosa rugosa 引入了一个经过精心组装、连续且完全桥接的参考基因组,该基因组是通过 PacBio 高保真、ONT 超长读数和 Hi-C 数据的复杂组合构建而成的。这个强大的基因组横跨 444.55 Mb,包含 34 109 个蛋白编码基因。我们将每条染色体独特地组装成单一、无间隙的结构,成功识别了所有 14 个端粒和 7 个中心粒,这是以前从未实现过的。中心粒区域以串联重复为特征,主要由中心粒特异性的 159-bp 单体组成,并且在近端区域显著富含 ATHILA/Gypsy 长末端重复反转座子。我们的研究突出表明,最近的串联重复有助于增强 R. rugosa 的抗逆性、环境适应性和花青素合成能力。此外,我们的研究还通过利用基因共表达网络预测了可能调控花青素生物合成的转录因子,为研究提供了新的途径。这个全面的参考基因组不仅是深入探索 R. rugosa 基因组结构和功能的基石,也是该属创新育种策略和基因改良的催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Preharvest applications of monopotassium phosphate to improve fruit quality and volatilome composition in cold-stored cherry tomatoes 采收前施用磷酸一钾改善冷藏樱桃番茄的果实质量和挥发性成分
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.016
Miriam Distefano, Fabrizio Cincotta, Francesco Giuffrida, Concetta Condurso, Antonella Verzera, Cherubino Leonardi, Rosario Paolo Mauro
The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH2PO4 foliar spraying (20 mmol · L−1) on fruit quality and composition (including volatile organic compounds, VOCs) of cherry tomatoes (‘Caravaggio’, ‘Sugarland’ and ‘Top Stellina’) after 0 (S0), 7 (S7) and 14 days (S14) of storage at 8.0 °C. On the average of the 3 genotypes, the KH2PO4 treatment improved fruit pressure firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total phenols and carotenoids concentrations, along with the fruits' antioxidant capacity (by up to 17% for FRAP assay). Within the S7–S14 period, control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS, TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids (−17, −12 and −45, respectively), whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH (+12%). Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH2PO4 application, including the aldehydes hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids (E)-citral, (E)-β-ionone, geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Proceeding from S0 to S14, several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits, as for hexanal (−48%∖) and total aldehydes (−42%∖, whereas at S14 treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool, geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (1.06, 52.50 and 79.27 μg · kg−1, respectively). ‘Caravaggio’ demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S14, whereas ‘Top Stellina’ was more responsive to KH2PO4 (mainly for β-cyclocitral, geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids), thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors. Nonetheless, these results suggest that proper preharvest KH2PO4 applications can preserve specific commercial, nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.
该试验研究了采收前叶面喷洒 KH2PO4(20 mmol - L-1)对樱桃番茄("Caravaggio"、"Sugarland "和 "Top Stellina")在 8.0 °C 下贮藏 0 (S0)、7 (S7) 和 14 (S14) 天后果实质量和成分(包括挥发性有机化合物)的影响。从 3 个基因型的平均值来看,KH2PO4 处理提高了果实的硬度、总可溶性固形物 (TSS)、可滴定酸度 (TA)、总酚和类胡萝卜素的浓度,以及果实的抗氧化能力(在 FRAP 检测中提高了 17%)。在 S7-S14 期间,对照组水果的 TSS、TSS/TA 比值和类胡萝卜素总量的降幅最大(分别为-17、-12 和-45),而经处理的水果 DPPH 的增幅最大(+12%)。施用 KH2PO4 后,32 种挥发性有机化合物中有 16 种得到促进,包括醛类己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛和(Z)-3-己烯醛以及类胡萝卜素((E)-柠檬醛、(E)-β-酮、香叶基丙酮和 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮)。从 S0 到 S14,对照组果实中的几种挥发性有机化合物下降得更厉害,如己醛(-48%∖)和总醛(-42%∖),而在 S14 处理过的果实中,芳樟醇、香叶基丙酮和 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮的浓度更高(分别为 1.06、52.50 和 79.27 μg - kg-1)。卡拉瓦乔'在 S14 阶段对 apocarotenoid 的减少作用最强,而'Top Stellina'对 KH2PO4 的反应更强(主要是对β-环柠檬醛、香叶基丙酮和萜烯/类萜物总量的反应),从而突出了基因型对其他实验因素反应的核心作用。尽管如此,这些结果表明,采收前适当施用 KH2PO4 可以保护冷藏樱桃番茄的特定商业、营养和品质特征。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic insights into oxalate content in spinach: A genome-wide association study and genomic prediction approach 菠菜中草酸盐含量的基因组学研究:全基因组关联研究和基因组预测方法
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.015
Haizheng Xiong, Kenani Chiwina, Waltram Ravelombola, Yilin Chen, Ibtisam Alatawi, Qun Luo, Theresa Makawa Phiri, Beiquan Mou, Ainong Shi
Oxalate content in spinach is a key trait of interest due to its relevance to human health. Understanding the genetic basis of it can facilitate the development of spinach varieties with reduced oxalate levels. In pursuit of understanding the genetic determinants, a diverse panel comprising 288 spinach accessions underwent thorough phenotyping of oxalate content and were subjected to whole-genome resequencing, resulting in a comprehensive dataset encompassing 14 386 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Leveraging this dataset, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify noteworthy SNPs associated with oxalate content. Furthermore, we employed genomic prediction (GP) via cross-prediction, utilizing five GP models, to assess genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for oxalate content. The observed normal distribution and the wide range of oxalate content, exceeding 600.0 mg · 100 g−1, underscore the complex and quantitative nature of this trait, likely influenced by multiple genes. Additionally, our analysis revealed distinct stratification, delineating the population into four discernible subpopulations. Furthermore, GWAS analysis employing five models in GAPIT 3 and TASSEL 5 unveiled nine significant SNPs (four SNPs on chromosome 1 and five on chromosome 5) associated with oxalate content. These loci exhibited associations with six candidate genes, which might have potential contribution to oxalate content regulation. Remarkably, our GP models exhibited notable predictive abilities, yielding average accuracies of up to 0.51 for GEBV estimation. The integration of GWAS and GP approaches offers a holistic comprehension of the genetic underpinnings of oxalate content in spinach. These findings offered a promising avenue for the development of spinach cultivars and hybrids optimized for oxalate levels, promoting consumer health.
菠菜中的草酸盐含量与人类健康息息相关,是人们关注的一个重要性状。了解其遗传基础有助于开发草酸盐含量更低的菠菜品种。为了了解其遗传决定因素,一个由 288 个菠菜品种组成的多样化小组对草酸盐含量进行了全面的表型分析,并对其进行了全基因组重测序,从而获得了一个包含 14 386 个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的综合数据集。利用该数据集,我们进行了一项全基因组关联研究(GWAS),以确定与草酸盐含量相关的值得注意的 SNPs。此外,我们还利用五个 GP 模型,通过交叉预测(GP)来评估草酸盐含量的基因组估计育种值(GEBV)。观察到的正态分布和超过 600.0 毫克 - 100 克-1 的草酸盐含量的广泛范围突出了这一性状的复杂性和定量性,它可能受到多个基因的影响。此外,我们的分析还发现了明显的分层现象,将人群划分为四个明显的亚群。此外,利用 GAPIT 3 和 TASSEL 5 中的五个模型进行的 GWAS 分析揭示了与草酸盐含量相关的九个显著 SNP(四个 SNP 位于 1 号染色体,五个位于 5 号染色体)。这些位点与六个候选基因相关,这些基因可能对草酸盐含量的调节有潜在贡献。值得注意的是,我们的 GP 模型具有显著的预测能力,对 GEBV 估计的平均准确率高达 0.51。GWAS 和 GP 方法的整合提供了对菠菜中草酸盐含量遗传基础的整体理解。这些发现为开发草酸盐含量最优化的菠菜栽培品种和杂交种提供了一个前景广阔的途径,从而促进了消费者的健康。
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引用次数: 0
QTL mapping for branch- and leaf-related traits with a high-density SNP genetic map in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) 利用高密度 SNP 遗传图谱绘制荔枝枝叶相关性状的 QTL 图谱
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.005
Wei Hu, Fang Li, Huanling Li, Lei Zhang, Rupeng Cai, Qiying Lin, Yao Li, Xiaoyun Qin, Jiabao Wang
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions, possesses substantial economic value. The branch- and leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality. However, due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map, there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch- and leaf-related traits. In this study, a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using an F1 population of 264 progenies, derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Sanyuehong’ and ‘Ziniangxi’. A total of 2574 high-quality BINs (binomial intervals) were obtained, and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM. With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length (SLL), single leaf width (SLW), leaf shape index (LSI), weight of specific leaf (WSL), petiole length (PL) and compound leaf length (CLL) measured in three seasons, 11, 9, 9, 10, 9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL, SLW, WSL, LSI, PL and CLL traits, respectively. Among these QTLs, five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits. These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch- and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection (MAS).
荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)是热带和亚热带地区的重要果树,具有巨大的经济价值。荔枝的枝叶相关性状对荔枝的产量和品质有重要影响。然而,由于受到遗传连锁图谱密度等因素的限制,绘制枝叶相关性状 QTLs 图谱的研究较少。本研究利用 "三粤红 "和 "紫娘喜 "杂交产生的 264 个后代的 F1 群体,通过下一代测序(NGS)构建了高密度遗传图谱。共获得 2574 个高质量 BINs(二项式间隔),并构建了总长度为 1753.3 cM、平均标记距离为 0.68 cM 的遗传连锁图谱。利用遗传图谱和三季测定的单叶长(SLL)、单叶宽(SLW)、叶形指数(LSI)、特定叶片重量(WSL)、叶柄长(PL)和复叶长(CLL)的表型,分别检测到 SLL、SLW、WSL、LSI、PL 和 CLL 性状的 11、9、9、10、9 和 12 个 QTL。在这些 QTLs 中,有 5 个 QTLs 在两个季节中被一致检测到,12 个多效 QTLs 被鉴定为至少两个性状。这些发现将为枝叶相关性状的基因克隆以及标记辅助选择(MAS)提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
CmNLP7 interacts with CmPP6 to suppress flowering time in Chrysanthemum CmNLP7 与 CmPP6 相互作用,抑制菊花的开花时间
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2023.09.012
Guohui Wang, Juanjuan Wang, Mengru Yin, Yu Zhang, Jiaxin Zhang, Chaona Si, Sumei Chen, Zhiyong Guan, Shuang Zhao, Fei Zhang, Weiming Fang, Fadi Chen, Jiafu Jiang
Nitrogen (N) is a key component in plants and their biological macromolecules, having a profound effect on developmental stages, such as germination, vegetative growth, and flowering. However, the mechanism of nitrogen-regulated flowering time remains unclear. In this study, CmNLP7 was isolated from the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jinba’ and was characterized. CmNLP7 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus but has no transcriptional activity. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that CmNLP7 was mainly transcribed in leaves and roots. Knocking down CmNLP7 through the artificial-miRNA method in chrysanthemum resulted in early flowering under optimal nitrogen (ON) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions; whereas overexpression lines showed delayed flowering under LN conditions. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the nitrate transporters NRT2.5, NPF3.1, and NPF4.6; SBP-like genes SPL7 and SPL12, and flowering integration factor FT were significantly up-regulated in the knockdown lines. Based on the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways, which indicated their alleged function in nitrogen-regulated flowering and development in chrysanthemum. Furthermore CmPP6 as a homolog of the Arabidopsis phosphatase PP6, was verified as an interacting protein of CmNLP7 by yeast two-hybrid, BiFC, pull-down and Biacore in vitro and in vivo, and the knockdown line of CmPP6 (amiR-CmPP6) flowered earlier compared to that of the wild-type chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’. Collectively, these results demonstrated that CmPP6 interacts with CmNLP7 to regulate chrysanthemum flowering, and CmNLP7 could regulate flowering time in response to nitrogen, which lays a foundation for the regulation of flowering and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum through changes in nutrient signaling.
氮(N)是植物及其生物大分子的关键成分,对植物的萌芽、无性繁殖和开花等发育阶段有着深远的影响。然而,氮素调控开花时间的机制仍不清楚。本研究从菊花栽培品种'劲霸'中分离到了CmNLP7,并对其进行了表征。CmNLP7 是一种定位于细胞核的转录因子,但没有转录活性。组织表达模式分析显示,CmNLP7 主要在叶片和根中转录。通过人工miRNA方法敲除菊花中的CmNLP7,可使菊花在最适氮(ON)和低氮(LN)条件下提早开花;而过表达株系则在低氮条件下延迟开花。转录组测序分析表明,硝酸盐转运体 NRT2.5、NPF3.1 和 NPF4.6、SBP 样基因 SPL7 和 SPL12 以及开花整合因子 FT 在基因敲除株系中显著上调。根据 KEGG 通路富集分析,差异转录基因富集在苯丙酮生物合成和淀粉与蔗糖代谢通路中,这表明它们在氮素调控的菊花开花和发育过程中发挥着重要功能。此外,CmPP6 作为拟南芥磷酸酶 PP6 的同源物,通过酵母双杂交、BiFC、pull-down 和 Biacore 在体外和体内的实验验证了它是 CmNLP7 的互作蛋白,而且与野生型菊花'Jinba'相比,CmPP6 的基因敲除株系(amiR-CmPP6)开花更早。这些结果综合证明了CmPP6与CmNLP7相互作用调控菊花开花,而CmNLP7可响应氮素调控开花时间,这为通过营养信号变化调控菊花开花和分子育种奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Vascular network-mediated systemic spread of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes the bacterial canker of kiwifruit 由维管束网络介导的猕猴桃细菌性腐烂病(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)的系统性传播
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.007
Runze Tian, Yujie Tian, Qianqian Dang, Hongchang Zhang, Lili Huang
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes destructive kiwifruit bacterial canker by invading vascular tissues across multiple plant organs. However, the cellular mechanism underlying its systemic transmission and cell-to-cell movement within these specialized vascular conduits remains unclear. In this study, a Psa-GFP strain and various microscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction between kiwifruit and Psa. Our results reveal that Psa strategically exploits host vascular conduits for systemic movement, with the xylem vessel being the predominant avenue. In the phloem, Psa exhibits adaptive alteration in bacterial shape to traverse sieve pores, facilitating its systemic spread along sieve tubes and inducing phloem necrosis. Within the xylem, Psa breaches pit membranes to migrate between adjacent vessels. Furthermore, phloem fibers act as an initial barrier at the early stages of infection, delaying Psa's entry into vascular tissues during its journey to the xylem. Additionally, at the junctions of stem–stem or stem-leaf, branch trace or leaf trace mediates the bacterial organ-to-organ translocation, thus facilitating the systemic progression of disease. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the cellular mechanism employed by Psa to exploit the woody plant's vascular network for infection, thereby enhancing a better understanding of the biology of this poorly defined bacterium. These insights carry implications for the pathogenesis of Psa and other vascular pathogens, offering theoretical guidance for effective control strategies.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae(Psa)通过侵入多个植物器官的维管组织,引起破坏性的猕猴桃细菌性腐烂病。然而,其在这些专门的维管导管中的系统传播和细胞间移动的细胞机制仍不清楚。本研究利用 Psa-GFP 菌株和各种显微镜技术研究了猕猴桃与 Psa 之间的相互作用。 我们的研究结果表明,Psa 有策略地利用寄主的维管导管进行系统运动,其中木质部血管是最主要的途径。在韧皮部,Psa 会适应性地改变细菌形状以穿过筛孔,从而促进其沿着筛管进行系统性传播并诱导韧皮部坏死。在木质部中,Psa 冲破坑膜,在相邻血管之间迁移。此外,在感染的早期阶段,韧皮部纤维起着初始屏障的作用,在 Psa 进入木质部的过程中,可延缓其进入血管组织。此外,在茎-茎或茎-叶的交界处,枝痕或叶痕介导了细菌在器官间的转移,从而促进了病害的系统进展。总之,我们的发现揭示了 Psa 利用木本植物的维管网络进行感染的细胞机制,从而加深了对这种定义不清的细菌的生物学特性的了解。这些发现对 Psa 及其他维管束病原体的致病机理具有重要意义,为有效的控制策略提供了理论指导。
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引用次数: 0
Transcriptomic profiling of the floral fragrance biosynthesis of Iris germanica ‘Harvest of Memories’ and functional characterization of the IgTPS14 gene 德国鸢尾花'Harvest of Memories'花香生物合成的转录组分析和 IgTPS14 基因的功能特征描述
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.004
Qian Zhao, Yuqing Li, Lina Gu, Di He, Jianrang Luo, Yanlong Zhang
Iris (Iris germanica) is a very popular ornamental plant and is known for the precious spice irone produced from its roots. Many iris varieties can also release fragrances through their flowers. However, the composition of iris aroma and the molecular mechanism of its synthesis have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the volatile floral compounds of I. germanica ‘Harvest of Memories’ at different stages and in different tissues through headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 36 volatile compounds were identified, and linalool was the dominant component. Transcriptome analysis showed that 35 differentially expressed genes and 218 differentially expressed transcription factors were positively correlated with linalool release. According to the results of qRT-qPCR, the expression level of the IgTPS14 gene was consistent with the release trend of linalool, suggesting that IgTPS14 may play a certain role in linalool synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the IgTPS14 protein belonged to the TPS-g subfamily. An in vitro enzymatic assay of IgTPS14 and its transient and stable overexpression in tobacco indicated that this gene produced linalool. The transient silencing of IgTPS14 in petals by virus-induced gene silencing technology revealed a significant reduction in the release of linalool. These results will help explore and reveal the molecular mechanism of monoterpenoid synthesis and provide a certain reference for studying the formation of iris aroma.
鸢尾花(Iris germanica)是一种非常受欢迎的观赏植物,因其根部产生的珍贵香料鸢尾酮而闻名。许多鸢尾品种也能通过花朵释放香气。然而,鸢尾花香气的成分及其合成的分子机制尚未见报道。在这项研究中,我们通过顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱法分析了德国鸢尾花'Harvest of Memories'在不同阶段和不同组织中的挥发性花香化合物。共鉴定出 36 种挥发性化合物,其中芳樟醇是主要成分。转录组分析表明,35 个差异表达基因和 218 个差异表达转录因子与芳樟醇的释放呈正相关。根据 qRT-qPCR 的结果,IgTPS14 基因的表达水平与芳樟醇的释放趋势一致,表明 IgTPS14 可能在芳樟醇的合成过程中发挥了一定的作用。系统进化分析表明,IgTPS14 蛋白属于 TPS-g 亚家族。对 IgTPS14 的体外酶学检测及其在烟草中的瞬时稳定过表达表明,该基因能产生芳樟醇。通过病毒诱导的基因沉默技术对花瓣中的 IgTPS14 进行瞬时沉默,发现其释放的芳樟醇显著减少。这些结果将有助于探索和揭示单萜合成的分子机制,为研究鸢尾香气的形成提供一定的参考。
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引用次数: 0
VvMYBA1 and VvMYB3 form an activator–repressor system to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape VvMYBA1 和 VvMYB3 形成一个激活-抑制系统,调节葡萄中花青素的生物合成
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.011
Yang Qin, Changyun Zhang, Xiucai Fan, Jianfu Jiang, Ying Zhang, Jihong Liu, Chonghuai Liu, Lei Sun
Anthocyanins are important metabolites that provide a red or blue–purple hue to plants. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is mainly activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex and repressed by a wide variety of proteins. Studies have shown that MYB activators activate MYB repressors to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating this mechanism in grapes. To explore the transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we reanalyzed the RNA-seq database for different developmental stages of ‘Muscat Hamburg’ berries, and the R2R3-MYB gene, annotated as VvMYB3, was screened. Our study revealed the anthocyanin content of the grape cultivar ‘Y73’ was higher than that of its parental cultivar MH, and the putative repressor VvMYB3 was found to be highly expressed in ‘Y73’ by qRT-PCR. The calli transgenic assays demonstrated that the repressive activity of VvMYB3 was conferred by the bHLH-binding motif, as well as by the C1 and C2 motifs. Yeast hybridization and chip-PCR assays revealed that VvMYB3 could repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by competing with VvMYBA1 to bind to VvMYC1 and promoting histone deacetylation of VvUFGT via the C2 motif. However, the expression of VvMYB3 was activated by VvMYBA1, which forms a negative feedback regulatory loop to modulate anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, we found a 408-bp repeat tandem sequence insertion in the VvMYBA1 promoter region of ‘Y73’ by sequencing. The GUS activity analysis showed that this sequence enhanced the expression of VvMYBA1 and led to an excessive accumulation of anthocyanins. Overall, our results provide insights into the anthocyanin activator–repressor system in grapes that prevents overaccumulation of anthocyanins.
花青素是一种重要的代谢物,可为植物提供红色或蓝紫色调。这些代谢物的生物合成主要由 MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) 复合物激活,并由多种蛋白质抑制。研究表明,MYB 激活因子会激活 MYB 抑制因子,从而平衡花青素的生物合成。然而,对葡萄中这一机制的研究还很少。为了探索参与花青素生物合成调控的转录因子,我们重新分析了'汉堡麝香葡萄'浆果不同发育阶段的 RNA-seq 数据库,并筛选了 R2R3-MYB 基因(注释为 VvMYB3)。我们的研究发现,葡萄栽培品种'Y73'的花青素含量高于其亲本栽培品种MH,并且通过qRT-PCR发现推定抑制因子VvMYB3在'Y73'中高表达。胼胝体转基因试验表明,VvMYB3的抑制活性是由bHLH结合基序以及C1和C2基序赋予的。酵母杂交和芯片-PCR分析表明,VvMYB3可通过与VvMYBA1竞争与VvMYC1结合,并通过C2基序促进VvUFGT的组蛋白去乙酰化,从而抑制花青素的生物合成。然而,VvMYB3 的表达是由 VvMYBA1 激活的,这就形成了一个负反馈调节环来调节花青素的积累。此外,我们通过测序在'Y73'的 VvMYBA1 启动子区域发现了一个 408-bp 的重复串联序列插入。GUS 活性分析表明,该序列增强了 VvMYBA1 的表达,导致花青素过度积累。总之,我们的研究结果为了解葡萄花青素激活-抑制系统提供了帮助,该系统可防止花青素的过度积累。
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引用次数: 0
A molecular module with PheIAA17 as the core significantly promotes lateral root germination 以 PheIAA17 为核心的分子模块可显著促进侧根萌发
IF 5.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2023.11.008
Junlei Xu, Miaomiao Cai, Yali Xie, Zhanchao Cheng, Chongyang Wu, Jian Gao
Monocot root systems comprise a large number of lateral roots to allow them to survive and colonize land. Auxin signaling pathways centered on Aux/IAA play a crucial role in lateral root development. However, in non-model monocot plants, the effects of Aux/IAA on lateral root initiation and number remain largely unknown. The present study transformed PheIAA17, a member of the Aux/IAA family of Moso bamboo, into rice and found that it significantly drove plants to produce lateral roots and improved the rooting rate. Quantitative experiments showed that PheIAA17 overexpression significantly affected the expression of ARF family members. Phylogenetic and promoter analyses indicate that PheARF3-2 belongs to class B ARF, and the promoter region contains auxin response elements. The results of yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that PheIAA17 bound specific fragments of the PheARF3-2 promoter to repress its transcriptional activity. Y2H and BiFC assay have shown that PheIAA17 and PheIAA30-3 could physically interact in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study reports a new molecular module centered on PheIAA17, which directs plants to alter root morphology through an increase in lateral roots.
单子叶植物根系由大量侧根组成,使其能够存活并在土地上定居。以 Aux/IAA 为中心的叶绿素信号通路在侧根发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而,在非模式单子叶植物中,Aux/IAA 对侧根萌发和数量的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究将毛竹 Aux/IAA 家族成员 PheIAA17 转化到水稻中,发现它能显著促进植株产生侧根并提高生根率。定量实验表明,PheIAA17的过表达显著影响了ARF家族成员的表达。系统发育和启动子分析表明,PheARF3-2属于B类ARF,启动子区域含有辅助素响应元件。酵母单杂交和双荧光素酶报告实验的结果证实,PheIAA17与PheARF3-2启动子的特定片段结合,抑制了其转录活性。Y2H和BiFC分析表明,PheIAA17和PheIAA30-3可在体外和体内发生物理相互作用。综上所述,本研究报告了一个以 PheIAA17 为中心的新分子模块,它通过增加侧根来指导植物改变根的形态。
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引用次数: 0
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Horticultural Plant Journal
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