Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Infectious Diseases of Poverty Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1186/s40249-024-01192-6
Shu Chen, Lance E Rodewald, Anna Heng Du, Shenglan Tang
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Abstract

Background: Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China's National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China's NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research agenda.

Key findings: The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China's immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China's capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers' knowledge, health workers' financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and government support.

Conclusion: The articles emphasize the need for government leadership, strategic policymaking, and public awareness to enhance vaccine coverage and equity. The VaxLab will continue strengthening China's NIP by focusing on vaccine financing, emphasizing diversity, equity, and inclusion, and improving maternal vaccination coverage. Research will extend to Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions, especially in middle-income countries facing challenges in vaccine financing and delivery. The collective efforts outlined in this collection show a commitment to evolving and adapting immunization strategies to meet global health goals and to provide equitable access to vaccines for all.

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在中国及未来实现疫苗全覆盖的时代推进国家免疫规划。
背景:免疫接种是公共卫生的基石。尽管中国的国家免疫规划(NIP)取得了巨大成功,但也面临着挑战,例如整合世界卫生组织推荐的几种疫苗以及其他系统性问题。在比尔及梅琳达-盖茨基金会的支持下,昆山杜克大学于2021年成立了疫苗接种研究创新实验室(VaxLab),致力于通过研究和政策倡导来加强中国的国家免疫规划。这篇社论旨在总结由 VaxLab 团队撰写的文集中发表的手稿的主要发现,并确定未来的研究议程:本文集收录了十一篇稿件,讨论了中国的免疫状况和提高免疫覆盖率的策略,尤其是非国家免疫计划疫苗,如人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(HPV)、肺炎球菌结合疫苗(PCV)、乙型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗(Hib)和轮状病毒疫苗。主要研究结果包括(i) COVID-19 疫苗接种活动展示了中国快速、大规模免疫接种工作的能力,表明中国有潜力扩大疫苗覆盖范围;(ii) 通过 HPV 疫苗防治宫颈癌的工作取得了进展,但也凸显了疫苗供应和公平接种等挑战;(iii) 中国在采用高价儿科联合疫苗方面的滞后需要引起重视,以解决监管和卫生系统方面的障碍;(iv) 非国家免疫计划疫苗接种率的差异凸显了政府采取措施提高疫苗覆盖率的必要性,尤其是对偏远地区和边缘化人群;(v) 原创性研究强调了护理人员的知识、卫生工作者的经济激励以及对疫苗效力的担忧对免疫接种率的影响;(vi) 中国潍坊市和印度尼西亚引进 PCV 的案例研究为成功的疫苗引进战略以及创新融资和政府支持的影响提供了启示。结论:这些文章强调了政府领导、战略决策和公众意识对提高疫苗覆盖率和公平性的必要性。疫苗实验室将继续加强中国的国家免疫计划,重点关注疫苗融资,强调多样性、公平性和包容性,提高孕产妇疫苗接种覆盖率。研究将扩展到东南亚和西太平洋地区,尤其是在疫苗筹资和接种方面面临挑战的中等收入国家。本文集所概述的集体努力表明,我们致力于不断发展和调整免疫战略,以实现全球健康目标,并为所有人提供公平获得疫苗的机会。
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来源期刊
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Infectious Diseases of Poverty INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
自引率
1.20%
发文量
368
期刊介绍: Infectious Diseases of Poverty is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on addressing essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. The journal covers a wide range of topics including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies and application. It also considers the transdisciplinary or multisectoral effects on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technology. The journal aims to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for public health problems in the developing world. Additionally, it provides a platform for discussing these issues to advance research and evidence building for improved public health interventions in poor settings.
期刊最新文献
Global burden of zoonotic infectious diseases of poverty, 1990-2021. Out-of-pocket payment and catastrophic health expenditure of tuberculosis patients in accessing care at public-private mix clinics in Myanmar, 2022. Point-of-care test of blood Plasmodium RNA within a Pasteur pipette using a novel isothermal amplification without nucleic acid purification. Molecular characterisation of human rabies in Tanzania and Kenya: a case series report and phylogenetic investigation. Spatial and temporal characterization of Aedes albopictus oviposition activity in candidate urban settings for sterile insect technique testing in La Reunion Island.
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