Geochemical and U-Pb isotopic insights into uranium (U) enrichment in the soil around a nuclear fuel element plant, in Southwest China

Xin Cheng , Jianing Sun , Kai Ling , Keyi Zhong , Bolin Shao , Lan Li , Shanshan Zhao , Yi Huang , Hao Song , Bo Cheng
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Abstract

To assess the impact of nuclear fuel element processing on uranium(U) in the soil environment, a geochemical survey was conducted. The survey provided data on U concentration, speciation, Th/U ratio, and U and Pb isotopic composition in the soil around a nuclear fuel processing plant in Southwest China, which has been operational since 1965, to reveal the enrichment status and sources of U in the soil. The concentrations of Th and Pb in the soil were also compared. The average U concentration was 1.01-1.43 times that of the local background, and U existed primarily as residual U. The enrichment factor value indicates that U is slightly enriched in the soil. The Th/U ratio was higher than the crustal ratio and the world soil average value, indicating that some of the U in the soil has been lost due to surface runoff. The 235U/238U ratio distribution shows that a certain amount of 235U-enriched particles have sedimentation in the downwind direction of the plant soil, which results in a higher 235U/238U ratio in this direction. However, in general, the 235U/238U ratios were observed to be typical natural values. The 207Pb/206Pb ratio indicates that the U in the U ore enters the soil during nuclear fuel processing.

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中国西南核燃料元件厂周围土壤中铀(U)富集的地球化学和铀-铅同位素见解
为评估核燃料元件加工对土壤环境中铀的影响,开展了一项地球化学调查。调查提供了中国西南地区一家核燃料加工厂(该厂自 1965 年起开始运行)周围土壤中铀的浓度、种类、Th/U 比值以及铀和铅的同位素组成数据,以揭示土壤中铀的富集状况和来源。同时还比较了土壤中 Th 和 Pb 的浓度。铀的平均浓度是当地背景的 1.01-1.43 倍,铀主要以残余铀的形式存在。Th/U比值高于地壳比值和世界土壤平均值,表明土壤中的部分铀因地表径流而流失。235U/238U 比率分布显示,一定量的富含 235U 的颗粒在植物土壤的下风方向有沉积,导致该方向的 235U/238U 比率较高。不过,总体而言,235U/238U 的比值属于典型的自然值。207Pb/206Pb 比率表明铀矿石中的铀在核燃料加工过程中进入土壤。
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