Ore and Energy Resource Geology最新文献

{"title":"Geochemistry of the sandstone of Mallawa Formation in the Southern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Implications for provenance and tectonic setting","authors":"Safruddim,&nbsp;A.M. Imran,&nbsp;Ulva Ria Irfan,&nbsp;Meutia Farida","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the geochemical analysis of sedimentary rocks from the Mallawa Formation in the southern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It aims to provide comprehensive and unprecedented research results on the Mallawa Formation sandstones through geochemical analysis, which has not been conducted previously. By analyzing twelve sedimentary rock samples collected from three locations—Bone, Maros, and Pangkep Regencies, the study seeks to explore provenance, source rocks, and tectonic settings by analyzing major elements, REE, and trace elements. The results indicate that SiO₂ is the most abundant component, reflecting the presence of detrital quartz, chert, feldspar fragments, and other mineral contents. The rocks are classified as sandstones with fine to coarse grains, ranging from wacke to quartz arenite. Based on various discrimination diagrams, the sandstones are associated with a passive margin transitioning into an active margin. The provenance of these sandstones originates from siliceous-clastic rocks and intermediate to felsic igneous rocks. These findings align with the paleogeography of South Sulawesi and provide new insights into the evolution of the Mallawa Formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of Na+ and Ca2+ ion effects on the physical-chemical properties of Bentonite: Implications for industrial applications","authors":"Hanane Ait Hmeid ,&nbsp;Mustapha Akodad ,&nbsp;Mouhssin El Halim ,&nbsp;Fatima Ezzahra Omdi ,&nbsp;Mourad Baghour ,&nbsp;Ali Skalli ,&nbsp;Chaouki Sadik ,&nbsp;Hicham Gueddari ,&nbsp;Mohamed Chahban ,&nbsp;Yassine El Yousfi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abioui ,&nbsp;Lahcen Daoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential industrial applications of two types of bentonite - Calcium Bentonite (Ca-B) and Sodium Bentonite (Na-B) <strong>-</strong> from the Kert Basin in northern Morocco. The bentonite samples' structural characteristics, inclusions, and microcracks were examined using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis of both the whole rock and clay fractions was conducted to determine the bentonite type and mineralogical composition. The chemical composition was assessed through X-ray fluorescence<strong>.</strong> The physico-chemical properties analyzed included cation exchange capacity, swelling index, colloidality index, water content, and pH. The plasticity index and liquid limit were determined using Atterberg limits tests. The results indicate that sodium bentonite exhibits superior absorption and plasticity compared to calcium bentonite, with a higher cation exchange capacity, particularly after activation. The analyzed bentonites contain high amounts of iron and silica, with moderate levels of calcium and aluminum. Quartz, feldspars, and clay minerals were identified in all samples, with smectite being the dominant clay mineral phase (80 %), along with traces of kaolinite, illite, and interstratified illite-smectite. These bentonites generally display high plasticity, making them well-suited for hydraulic drilling applications. Additionally, their low organic matter and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content may indicate mechanical strength, water sensitivity, and purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multispectral remote sensing expression of lineaments and alteration minerals in part of crystalline rock units of Southwestern Nigeria: Implication on gold prospecting","authors":"Kazeem Oladimeji Olomo ,&nbsp;Muriana Zaid Mohammed ,&nbsp;Oluwatoyin Khadijat Olomo ,&nbsp;Omowumi Ademila ,&nbsp;Marvelous Ayomide Dadamu","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Ilesha schist belt, the location of the research area, comprises one of Nigeria's most notable schist belts, which has attracted attention due to its considerable mineral resources, including gold deposits. Recent studies in the region have emphasized aerogeophysical mapping of geological features and the implication this has for mineral potential. However, various types of alteration and their relationships with gold deposits in the region have not received proper consideration. This research is aimed at identifying specific type of hydrothermal alteration associated with existing gold deposits in the study area as a reference to establishing new prospective zones and producing mineral prospect map of the area. To achieve this, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (Landsat-7 ETM+), and Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were utilized to define the association of lineaments and propylitic, phyllic, and argillic alteration types with Gold deposit within the study area. The processing of Landsat-7 ETM+ data were aided by applying Band ratio procedure and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The validation was carried out using the active mining site of the study area, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of some rock samples and electrical resistivity method. The results were integrated to provide information on lineaments, alteration minerals, and different types of hydrothermal alteration within the study area. Processed Landsat-7 ETM+ data delineated the structural elements as lineaments synonymous to lithologic contacts and faults/fracture zones, trending NE–SW direction, most probably controlling the alteration zones formation, distribution and localization of mineral in the country rocks of the belt. The Band ratio procedure and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also showed that the area is rich in alteration minerals, particularly ferrous, ferric and clay minerals. ASTER multispectral analysis gave an imprint of the key alteration types within the study area, with phyllic alterations being noticeably the major alteration type associated with Gold deposits, and poses the highest prospective zone for Gold occurrence in the study area. Validation of the observed lineament dense areas with Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) revealed highly fracture zones, thereby validating the structural framework of the study area. Also, spatial analysis involving percentage correlation evaluation carried out to compute the spatial connection between gold locations and altered zones showed that gold mine pits strongly matched with mapped altered zones with 85 percent correlation. Lastly, mineral compositions of the altered zones were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the analyzed samples collected within the area. The research helped in understanding the spatial distribution of gold mineralisation within the study area. It is recommended that exploitation efforts be expanded to the delineated ","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping iron oxides with Landsat-8/OLI imagery from iron ore deposit in Singhbhum craton, eastern India: Its implication to mineral exploration","authors":"Arvind Chandra Pandey ,&nbsp;Sagar Kumar Swain ,&nbsp;Chandra Shekhar Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research mainly focused on the Kiriburu-Meghahataburu-Bolani iron ore deposit (KMBIOD) in the Singhbhum craton, eastern India, with over 150 million tons of iron ore reserves. By applying Landsat-8/OLI multispectral remote sensing techniques, including band ratio analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification, the research effectively mapped various types of iron ores. This study employed RGB band combinations of band ratios {4(0.64–0.67 μm)/2(0.45–0.51 μm), 5(0.85–0.88 μm)/7(2.11–2.29 μm), 5(0.85–0.88 μm)/4(0.64–0.67 μm)} and PCA (PC bands 1, 5, and 6; PC bands 4, 5, and 6). These techniques were used to effectively distinguish iron ore from associated lithological units. Specific band ratios (5/7, 4/5, and 4 + 6/5) were instrumental in identifying high-grade and low-grade iron ore zones. PCA was used to provide detailed spectral information, identifying various iron ore types, including low-grade iron ore and clay minerals. The results were validated with spectral analysis and spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification methods, supported by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of iron ore samples collected during field survey. This integrated remote sensing approach proved effective for mapping iron ore in densely vegetated areas and enhancing geological understanding of mineralized zones. Landsat-8/OLI imagery demonstrated robust performance in iron ore exploration, concluding that these techniques were effective for discriminating and classifying iron ore in the Singhbhum craton and could be applied to similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated geophysical and geological prospecting for magnetite in the ilmenite-bearing gabbroic rock of Purulia, West Bengal, India","authors":"Riya Mondal ,&nbsp;Tapas Acharya ,&nbsp;Arijit Ray ,&nbsp;Tamal Sur ,&nbsp;Prarabdh Tiwari ,&nbsp;Anand Singh ,&nbsp;Arkoprovo Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral exploration in regions of limited bedrock exposure depends on the excellence of the predictive model yielded from geophysical and geological studies. In this aspect, the accuracy of the positions, shapes, and size of the concealed ore bodies is important for later resource evaluation. Commonly used magnetic susceptibility surveys to explore buried magnetite deposits often fail to resolve the boundary between magnetite ore, and host rocks when the host rock contains ilmenite, and/or magnetite as an accessory mineral. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), and Self-Potential (SP), are better substitutes to resolve the issue and delineate the positions and shapes of the ore bodies in gabbroic host-rock in Purulia district, West Bengal, India. The concealed magnetite ore body showed a sharp decrease in electrical resistivity value in the 2D ERI study, and a significant negative SP value was concurrent with the inferred concealed magnetite bodies, compared to the gabbroic host rock. Hence, the combined result of 2D ERI and SP indicate analogous negative anomalies to the inferred magnetite ore bodies, verified by the surface geological information and mineralogical studies. Such geophysical anomalies could be combined with field data to reconstruct magnetite ore body modeling, providing a practical approach to prospect buried magnetite ore bodies in basic host rocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen wettability of limestone, dolomite, and anhydrite in binary mixtures of CH₄ and CO₂","authors":"Ali Toorajipour ,&nbsp;Hamed Aghaei ,&nbsp;Behnam Shahsavani ,&nbsp;Raoof Gholami ,&nbsp;Nurudeen Yekeen ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Yaseri","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) has been proposed as a potential solution to the large-scale energy storage required to establish a net zero emissions society. The success of UHS, however, depends on several geological and petrophysical parameters of the host rock, including wettability, which dictates the plume migration pathway in the pore structure and extraction efficiency of the stored hydrogen. In this study, the changes in wettability of carbonates and anhydrite to H₂ in binary mixtures of CH₄ and CO₂ were evaluated using the gas/water/rock contact angle (CA) measurements at various pressures (3.44–17.23 MPa) and temperatures (30 °C and 75 °C). The results obtained showed that these binary mixtures have no significant impact on the H₂ wettability of the selected carbonate samples. Although the CA of CO₂/water systems was slightly higher than that of CH₄/water due to CO₂ density, all measured CA data sets remained below 34° under all assessed conditions, indicating that the carbonate samples maintained their initial highly hydrophilic state despite the presence of gaseous impurities. It was concluded that during UHS, the in-situ CH₄ and CO₂ in depleted gas reservoirs and the mixing of H₂ with them as potential cushion gases will not have a significant impact on the wetting behaviour of the carbonate with changing temperatures and increasing storage depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral inversion of rare earth element concentration based on SPA-PLSR model","authors":"Dan Ke ,&nbsp;Wenkai Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Mo ,&nbsp;Fawang Ye ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Wanming Zhang ,&nbsp;Sirui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative study of the relationship between the hyperspectral characteristics of carbonatite rare earth elements and their chemical concentration is of great significance for detecting carbonatite rare earth resources using remote sensing hyperspectral technology. Due to the high resolution and large number of bands in hyperspectral data, it is crucial to effectively extract characteristic spectral bands with a high correlation with rare earth element concentration for estimating rare earth element concentration based on hyperspectral data.Thirty-three samples of rare earth ore were collected from the Maoniuping rare earth ore district, and indoor hyperspectral measurements were conducted using SVC HR1024I ground-based spectrometer. The Cerium(Ce) element concentration was chemically analyzed by ICP-MS. To improve the accuracy of the spectral inversion model and minimize the interference of stray light, noise, baseline drift, etc., the original spectral data were resampled at intervals of 10 nm first, and then the resampled results were subjected to first-order derivative (FD), Savitzky-Golay smoothing filtering(SG), standard normal variate transformation(SNV), multivariate scattering correction (MSC), and first-order derivative followed by SG filtering(FD_SG) transformations. Based on the successive projection algorithm (SPA), only five to nine selected characteristic bands out of 216 bands ranging from 350 nm to 2500 nm were extracted, reducing the band number by 95.8% to 97.7%, greatly reducing the redundancy of the spectrum. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model constructed based on the characteristic bands selected by SPA and the measured Ce element concentration showed that the determination coefficient(R²) and root mean square error(RMSE) of the modeling set were 0.88 and 363 × 10^–6, respectively, while those of the prediction set were 0.87 and 503 × 10^–6, respectively, indicating good stability and high precision of the model, which can be used as an estimation model for the Ce element concentration in the Maoniuping rare earth ore district.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Yalguaraz prospect: a porphyry copper-type deposit related to the gondwanic magmatism in the Andes of Argentina","authors":"María Gabriela Torres ,&nbsp;Nora A. Rubinstein ,&nbsp;Anabel L.R. Gómez ,&nbsp;María Celeste D'Annunzio","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yalguaraz gondwanic porphyry-type deposit is located at the eastern margin of the Frontal Cordillera in the Andes of Argentina. In this deposit, two alteration-mineralization stages (early and late) were recognized. The early stage is linked to the intrusion of a dacitic porphyry that produced pervasive potassic alteration (biotite - K–feldspar - quartz - andalusite) along with EB, A, and B veins. Mineralization occurs mainly disseminated in the dacitic porphyry and minor in A and B veins and consists of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and minor molybdenite. The late stage led to pervasive phyllic alteration (sericite + quartz + pyrite ± chlorite ± rutile ± chalcopyrite) along <span>d</span>-type veinlets and subsequent tourmalinization. The presence of hypogenic pyrrhotite and the scarce magnetite could indicate that it would be genetically associated with reducing magmas although the lack of ilmenite series oxides in the precursor magmatic rocks suggest that the reducing character of the mineralizing magmas was acquired during the magma evolution. δ¹⁸O and the Pb isotopic composition of the mineralizing magma confirm continental crust assimilation processes in its genesis whereas whole rock geochemistry suggests the involvement of marine sediment which would support the change in the redox conditions of the magma precursor of the porphyry-type mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and identification of key process parameters for in-situ leaching of uranium in the Barun uranium deposit, China","authors":"Peng Qiao ,&nbsp;Yuanqing Fan ,&nbsp;Shengqing Xiong ,&nbsp;Liangquan Ge ,&nbsp;Yixuan Yao ,&nbsp;Ruyi Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Song ,&nbsp;Huijie Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Ren ,&nbsp;Zengjie Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ascertaining the optimal process parameters for in-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium is crucial for maximizing both uranium leaching rates and enhancing the production efficiency of uranium mining endeavors. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted on the chemical composition of uranium ore within the Barun uranium deposit, with a notable absence of indoor leaching experiments and in-depth discussions pertaining to the ISL technology for uranium and the identification of optimal leaching parameters tailored to this specific deposit. Therefore, the present study focuses on the analysis of uranium ore from the Barun uranium deposit, utilizing X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and elemental chemical analysis. Furthermore, a series of experiments were conducted, encompassing acid consumption tests, acid concentration determination, and various oxidant leaching tests. The findings reveal that: (1) The uranium ore within the deposit is abundant in minerals that exhibit resistance to acid dissolution, notably quartz and silicates (with SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents reaching as high as 77.62 % and 15.65 %), whereas the content of minerals readily soluble under acidic conditions, such as carbonates, iron minerals, and sulfides, is relatively low (with the proportions of total carbon, total iron, and sulfur content being as low as 0.128 %, 0.881 %, and 0.26 %, respectively). The mineralogical attributes of this deposit suggest its suitability for the application of acid ISL. (2) During the acid leaching process of uranium ore, an optimal H₂SO₄ concentration of 5 g/L was observed to yield a superior uranium leaching rate of 78.76 %, accompanied by a reduced sulfuric acid consumption of 115.8 tons per ton of uranium extracted. Notably, the pH of the leaching solution remained largely unaffected by the oxidant utilized. Under the influence of 1.5 g/L of 30 % H₂O₂, the uranium leaching rate achieved its maximum value of 90.27 %, significantly outperforming other oxidant conditions. (3) The acid leaching methodology is a viable option for the ISL of uranium from the Barun deposit. It is advisable to employ a concentration of 5 g/L H₂SO₄ while maintaining the pH of the leaching solution below 2 for optimal performance. In response to the anticipated decrease in uranium concentration during the intermediate and later stages of the leaching process, the strategic addition of 1.5 g/L of 30 % H₂O₂ is recommended to facilitate the oxidative dissolution of tetravalent uranium minerals, thereby enhancing the overall leaching efficiency. This study offers significant insights and valuable references for future research on ISL of uranium in the Barun uranium deposit, as well as in other sandstone-hosted uranium deposits that possess comparable mineralogical characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source rock appraisal of Taqrifat Shale-Mallegh formation and the origin of crude oils of Cyrenaica region, NE Libya","authors":"Fares F. Fares,&nbsp;Farag M. El Oshebi","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Cyrenaica consists of two main tectonic provinces that influence the area: the Cyrenaica Platform in the south and the Al Jabal Al Akhdar Uplift and Fold Belt in the north, and it is considered one of the smallest basins in Libya. The goal of this work is to attempt to correlate the geochemical characteristics of the source rocks with the samples of crude oils and infer their organic matter richness, thermal maturation, and depositional environment. The following four wells yielded samples of fifty-nine cutting samples of source rocks: nearly fifteen cutting samples from each well, Mallegh Formation in wells A1-NC120 and B1-NC152, whereas Taqrifat Shale in wells T1-41 and A1-46. Four crude oil samples were examined and subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) in this work: one sample of oil from each well, the Daryanah Formation in wells A1-NC120 and B1-NC152, and the Antenlat Formation in wells A1-46 and T1-41. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and GC–MS were utilized with these materials to determine the specific type of organic matter, thermal maturation, and depositional environment. The relationship between TOC and S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; showed the Mallegh Formation in wells A1-NC120 and B1-NC152 and Taqrifat Shale in well A1-46 had poor to fair organic matter, while the TOC of Taqrifat Shale in well T1-41 had good to excellent organic matter contents. TOC vs. S&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;+S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; revealed the source rock of the Mallegh Formation in wells A1-NC120 and B1-NC152, and the source rock of the Taqrifat Shale Formation in well A1-46 was revealed as non-potential hydrocarbon, while the source rock of the Taqrifat Shale in well T1-41 showed potential hydrocarbon. TOC and S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were used to identify the kerogen types, the Mallegh Formation in wells A1-NC120 and B1-NC152 and Taqrifat Shale in well A1-46, represented by two types of kerogen (III and IV), while Taqrifat Shale in well T1-41 is represented by three types of kerogen (II/III, III, and IV). The ratio of CPI vs. Pr/Ph and Pr/Ph vs. C&lt;sub&gt;31&lt;/sub&gt; 22S/(22S+22R) revealed that the oil samples from the Antenlat Formation in wells A1-46 and T1-41 and the oil sample from the Daryanah Formation in well B1-NC152 were deposited in a marine environment under oxidizing conditions, whereas the oil sample from the Daryanah Formation in well A1-NC120 was deposited in a marine environment under an anoxic condition. Based on the plot of Ph/n-C&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt; vs. Pr/n-C&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt; for the origin of organic matter in oil samples, the organic matter from the oil sample of the Daryanah Formation in well A1-NC120 was derived from algal marine type, and the oil samples from the Daryanah Formation in well B1-NC152 and the oil samples from the Antenlat Formation in wells T1-41 and A1-46 were derived from mixed organic matter (marine type and terrestrial type). According to organic matter type and thermal maturity level for the source rock samples and oil sample results, the source rock of the M","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}