Discourse Production Across the Adult Lifespan: Microlinguistic Processes.

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1111/tops.12729
Hana Kim, Stephen Kintz
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Abstract

Successful spoken discourse requires a speaker to be informative to deliver a coherent, meaningful message. The informativeness of discourse can be conveyed by the variety of vocabulary produced (i.e., lexical diversity [LD]), the typicality of vocabulary items used (i.e., core lexicon [CL]), and the amount of relevant content produced (i.e., information units). Yet, it is well documented that older adults produce less informative content compared to younger adults despite relatively subtle changes to LD. The typicality of core lexical items has not been assessed in healthy aging. Paradoxically, these results indicate that some aspects of discourse informativeness remain stable or even improve across the adult lifespan, while other aspects decline. The purpose of the current study is to understand how microlinguistic processes of informativeness change across the adult lifespan. The cross-sectional study included narrative language samples from two wordless picture books collected from 420 healthy participants between 20 and 89 years old. LD and percent of correct information units (%CIUs) were analyzed, as well as CL nouns and verbs. The results indicate that %CIUs and CL nouns demonstrate a quadratic decline starting around the ages of 40 and 60, respectively. LD shows a slight linear decline as a function of age. CL verbs are resistant to age-related changes but are influenced greater by education. The differing findings across the microlinguistic measures can be explained by the weakened connections within the language system and the differential characteristics of the measures. The findings contribute to the aging literature by systematically identifying the trajectory of how variables of informativeness change with age.

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跨越成人生命周期的话语生产:微观语言学过程。
成功的口语表达要求说话者信息丰富,以传递连贯、有意义的信息。话语的信息量可以通过所使用词汇的多样性(即词汇多样性[LD])、所使用词汇的典型性(即核心词库[CL])和所使用相关内容的数量(即信息单位)来体现。然而,有资料表明,尽管词汇量的变化相对较小,但老年人产生的信息量却少于年轻人。核心词条的典型性尚未在健康老年人中进行过评估。矛盾的是,这些结果表明,在成年人的一生中,话语信息量的某些方面保持稳定甚至有所提高,而其他方面则有所下降。本研究的目的是了解信息量的微观语言学过程在成年人的整个生命周期中是如何变化的。这项横断面研究包括从两本无字图画书中收集的叙事语言样本,这些样本来自 420 名 20 至 89 岁的健康参与者。研究分析了 LD 和正确信息单位百分比 (%CIU),以及 CL 名词和动词。结果表明,正确信息单位百分比和CL名词分别从40岁和60岁左右开始呈二次曲线下降。随着年龄的增长,LD 呈现出轻微的线性下降。CL动词不受年龄变化的影响,但受教育程度的影响更大。微观语言学测量结果的差异可以用语言系统内部联系的减弱和测量结果的不同特点来解释。研究结果通过系统地识别信息量变量随年龄变化的轨迹,为老龄化文献做出了贡献。
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来源期刊
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS) is an innovative new journal that covers all areas of cognitive science including cognitive modeling, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive science and philosophy. topiCS aims to provide a forum for: -New communities of researchers- New controversies in established areas- Debates and commentaries- Reflections and integration The publication features multiple scholarly papers dedicated to a single topic. Some of these topics will appear together in one issue, but others may appear across several issues or develop into a regular feature. Controversies or debates started in one issue may be followed up by commentaries in a later issue, etc. However, the format and origin of the topics will vary greatly.
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