Premature aging in genetic diseases: what conclusions can be drawn for physiological aging.

IF 3.3 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Frontiers in aging Pub Date : 2024-02-28 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fragi.2023.1327833
Filip Milosic, Markus Hengstschläger, Selma Osmanagic-Myers
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Abstract

According to current views the major hallmarks of physiological aging may be subdivided into three categories, primary causes of cellular damage (genomic instability, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic alterations and compromised macroautophagy), antagonistic hallmarks that represent response to damage (deregulated nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction) and integrative hallmarks that represent culprits of the phenotype (stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis). In contrast to physiological aging, premature aging diseases are driven by one or two distinct primary causes of aging, such as genomic instability in the case of Werner syndrome (WS), each displaying other hallmarks of aging to a variable extent. In this review we will focus on primary causes of well-investigated premature aging diseases Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), WS, and Cockayne syndrome (CS) and for each provide an overview of reported aging hallmarks to elucidate resemblance to physiological aging on the mechanistic level and in the context of characteristic age-related diseases. Ubiquitous and tissue specific animal models of premature aging diseases will be discussed as useful tools to decipher fundamental aging-related mechanisms and develop intervention strategies to combat premature aging and age-related diseases.

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遗传疾病中的早衰:生理衰老的结论是什么?
根据目前的观点,生理衰老的主要特征可细分为三类,即细胞损伤的主要原因(基因组不稳定、端粒损耗、蛋白稳态丧失、表观遗传学改变和大自噬功能受损)、代表对损伤做出反应的拮抗特征(营养传感失调、细胞衰老、线粒体功能障碍),以及代表表型罪魁祸首的综合特征(干细胞耗竭、细胞间通信改变、慢性炎症、菌群失调)。与生理性衰老不同,早衰疾病是由一个或两个不同的主要衰老原因驱动的,如维尔纳综合征(WS)的基因组不稳定性,每个原因都在不同程度上表现出其他衰老特征。在这篇综述中,我们将重点讨论哈钦森-吉尔福德早衰综合征(HGPS)、沃纳综合征(WS)和科凯恩综合征(CS)等早衰疾病的主要病因,并对每种早衰疾病的衰老特征进行综述,以从机理层面和特征性年龄相关疾病的角度阐明其与生理衰老的相似性。还将讨论早衰疾病的普遍性和组织特异性动物模型,这些动物模型是破译与衰老相关的基本机制和制定干预策略以防治早衰和与年龄相关疾病的有用工具。
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3.00
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0.00%
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审稿时长
13 weeks
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