Mechanisms of mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract involved in defense against HIV infection

IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY Current opinion in virology Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101398
Margaret WY Choi, Carmina A Isidoro, Amy Gillgrass
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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 remains a major global health threat. Since the virus is often transmitted through sexual intercourse and women account for the majority of new infections within the most endemic regions, research on mucosal immunity at the female reproductive tract (FRT) is of paramount importance. At the FRT, there are intrinsic barriers to HIV-1 infection, such as epithelial cells and the microbiome, and immune cells of both the innate and adaptive arms are prepared to respond in case the virus overcomes the first line of defense. In this review, we discuss recent findings on FRT mucosal mechanisms of HIV-1 defense and highlight research gaps. While defense from HIV-1 infection at the FRT has been understudied, current and future research is essential to develop new therapeutics and vaccines that can protect this unique mucosal site from HIV-1.

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女性生殖道黏膜免疫参与抵御艾滋病毒感染的机制
人体免疫缺陷病毒-1 仍然是全球健康的一大威胁。由于病毒通常通过性交传播,而且在病毒流行最严重的地区,女性占新感染者的大多数,因此对女性生殖道(FRT)粘膜免疫的研究至关重要。在生殖道粘膜上有上皮细胞和微生物群等阻止 HIV-1 感染的固有屏障,先天性和适应性免疫细胞都已做好准备,一旦病毒突破第一道防线,它们就会做出反应。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论近期有关 FRT 粘膜机制防御 HIV-1 的研究结果,并强调研究空白。虽然对 FRT 的 HIV-1 感染防御研究不足,但目前和未来的研究对于开发新的疗法和疫苗以保护这一独特的粘膜部位免受 HIV-1 感染至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
5.10%
发文量
76
审稿时长
83 days
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Virology (COVIRO) is a systematic review journal that aims to provide specialists with a unique and educational platform to keep up to date with the expanding volume of information published in the field of virology. It publishes 6 issues per year covering the following 11 sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: Emerging viruses: interspecies transmission; Viral immunology; Viral pathogenesis; Preventive and therapeutic vaccines; Antiviral strategies; Virus structure and expression; Animal models for viral diseases; Engineering for viral resistance; Viruses and cancer; Virus vector interactions. There is also a section that changes every year to reflect hot topics in the field.
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