A 340-GHz THz Amplifier-Frequency-Multiplier Chain With 360° Phase-Shifting Range and its Phase Characterization

IF 3.7 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.1109/JETCAS.2023.3345358
Chun Wang;Pin-Chun Chiu;Chun-Lin Ko;Sheng-Hsiang Tseng;Chun-Hsing Li
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Abstract

A 340-GHz compact terahertz (THz) amplifier-frequency-multiplier chain (AMC) offering a full 360° phase shifting range for phased-array applications is proposed in this paper. The AMC comprises an 85 -GHz phase-shifter-embedded ( $\Delta \varphi $ -embedded) power amplifier (PA) and a high-output-power frequency quadrupler (FQ). The PA is equipped with multifunctional impedance matching networks (M-IMNs) that can simultaneously provide balun, impedance transformation, and phase-shifting functions. Analytic expressions have been derived to provide design guidelines for the M-IMNs. With the integrated M-IMNs, the proposed PA can concurrently deliver high output power and a phase shift exceeding 90° in a compact chip area. The proposed FQ can achieve optimal impedance matching at second and fourth harmonic frequencies, leading to the output power enhancement of 2.6 dB. Furthermore, the output phase of the PA is quadrupled by the FQ, resulting in the output signal of the AMC with a full 360° phase-shifting capability. A measurement setup for characterizing the phase of a THz signal is also presented. Implemented in a 40-nm CMOS technology without ultra-thick metal layers available, the proposed THz AMC achieves a peak output power of −3.5 dBm at 368 GHz with a conversion gain of 1.8 dB and a 3-dB bandwidth from 340 to 376 GHz. The output phase can continuously vary over 360° within the 324 to 346 GHz frequency range. The phase noise of the output signal at 346 GHz is −105 dBc/Hz at a 10-MHz offset frequency. The proposed 340-GHz AMC consumes 215.1 mW from a 0.9-V supply.
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具有 360° 相移范围的 340 GHz 太赫兹放大器-频率-倍增器链及其相位特性分析
本文提出了一种 340 GHz 的紧凑型太赫兹(THz)放大器-频率-倍增器链(AMC),可为相控阵应用提供完整的 360° 相移范围。AMC 由一个嵌入式 85 GHz 移相器($\Delta \varphi $-embedded)功率放大器(PA)和一个高输出功率频率四倍频器(FQ)组成。功率放大器配有多功能阻抗匹配网络(M-IMN),可同时提供平衡、阻抗变换和移相功能。分析表达式为 M-IMN 的设计提供了指导。利用集成的 M-IMNs,拟议的功率放大器可以在紧凑的芯片面积内同时提供高输出功率和超过 90° 的相移。所提出的 FQ 可以在二次和四次谐波频率上实现最佳阻抗匹配,从而使输出功率增强 2.6 dB。此外,FQ 还能将功率放大器的输出相位提高四倍,从而使 AMC 的输出信号具有 360° 的完全移相能力。此外,还介绍了表征太赫兹信号相位的测量装置。所提出的太赫兹 AMC 采用 40 纳米 CMOS 技术,没有超厚金属层,在 368 GHz 频率下的峰值输出功率为 -3.5 dBm,转换增益为 1.8 dB,带宽为 3dB,频率范围为 340 至 376 GHz。在 324 至 346 GHz 频率范围内,输出相位可连续变化 360°。在 10 兆赫偏移频率下,346 千兆赫输出信号的相位噪声为-105 dBc/Hz。拟议的 340 GHz AMC 采用 0.9 V 电源,功耗为 215.1 mW。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
2.20%
发文量
86
期刊介绍: The IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems is published quarterly and solicits, with particular emphasis on emerging areas, special issues on topics that cover the entire scope of the IEEE Circuits and Systems (CAS) Society, namely the theory, analysis, design, tools, and implementation of circuits and systems, spanning their theoretical foundations, applications, and architectures for signal and information processing.
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