Hierarchies of description enable understanding of cognitive phenomena in terms of neuron activity

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI:10.1007/s10339-024-01181-5
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Abstract

One objective of neuroscience is to understand a wide range of specific cognitive processes in terms of neuron activity. The huge amount of observational data about the brain makes achieving this objective challenging. Different models on different levels of detail provide some insight, but the relationship between models on different levels is not clear. Complex computing systems with trillions of components like transistors are fully understood in the sense that system features can be precisely related to transistor activity. Such understanding could not involve a designer simultaneously thinking about the ongoing activity of all the components active in the course of carrying out some system feature. Brain modeling approaches like dynamical systems are inadequate to support understanding of computing systems, because their use relies on approximations like treating all components as more or less identical. Understanding computing systems needs a much more sophisticated use of approximation, involving creation of hierarchies of description in which the higher levels are more approximate, with effective translation between different levels in the hierarchy made possible by using the same general types of information processes on every level. These types are instruction and data read/write. There are no direct resemblances between computers and brains, but natural selection pressures have resulted in brain resources being organized into modular hierarchies and in the existence of two general types of information processes called condition definition/detection and behavioral recommendation. As a result, it is possible to create hierarchies of description linking cognitive phenomena to neuron activity, analogous with but qualitatively different from the hierarchies of description used to understand computing systems. An intuitively satisfying understanding of cognitive processes in terms of more detailed brain activity is then possible.

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分层描述有助于从神经元活动的角度理解认知现象
摘要 神经科学的目标之一是从神经元活动的角度来理解各种特定的认知过程。有关大脑的观测数据量巨大,实现这一目标极具挑战性。不同层次的不同模型提供了一些洞察力,但不同层次的模型之间的关系并不清晰。像晶体管这样由数万亿个元件组成的复杂计算系统,其系统特征可以与晶体管的活动精确相关,因此可以被完全理解。这种理解不可能让设计者同时思考在实现某些系统功能的过程中所有组件的持续活动。大脑建模方法(如动态系统)不足以支持对计算系统的理解,因为它们的使用依赖于近似值,如将所有组件都视为大致相同。理解计算系统需要更复杂的近似方法,包括创建描述的层次结构,其中较高层次的近似程度更高,通过在每个层次上使用相同的一般信息处理类型,实现层次结构中不同层次之间的有效转换。这些类型是指令和数据读/写。计算机和大脑之间没有直接的相似之处,但自然选择的压力导致大脑资源被组织成模块化的层次结构,并存在两种一般类型的信息过程,即条件定义/检测和行为建议。因此,我们有可能创建将认知现象与神经元活动联系起来的描述层次,这与用于理解计算系统的描述层次类似,但又有本质区别。这样,就可以根据更详细的大脑活动,直观地理解认知过程。
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来源期刊
Cognitive Processing
Cognitive Processing PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
44
期刊介绍: Cognitive Processing - International Quarterly of Cognitive Science is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes innovative contributions in the multidisciplinary field of cognitive science.  Its main purpose is to stimulate research and scientific interaction through communication between specialists in different fields on topics of common interest and to promote an interdisciplinary understanding of the diverse topics in contemporary cognitive science. Cognitive Processing is articulated in the following sections:Cognitive DevelopmentCognitive Models of Risk and Decision MakingCognitive NeuroscienceCognitive PsychologyComputational Cognitive SciencesPhilosophy of MindNeuroimaging and Electrophysiological MethodsPsycholinguistics and Computational linguisticsQuantitative Psychology and Formal Theories in Cognitive ScienceSocial Cognition and Cognitive Science of Culture
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