Role of Environmental Heterogeneity in the Species Distribution of Vascular Plants in Periods of High and Low Emissions from a Copper Smelter

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Contemporary Problems of Ecology Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI:10.1134/s1995425524010141

M. R. Trubina, D. V. Nesterkova

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Abstract

Environmental heterogeneity can significantly modify the rate of species extinction with an increase in anthropogenic load and the rate of recolonization of disturbed territories after a decrease in load, but this issue is poorly understood. The distribution of 14 species of the herb–dwarf shrub layer of forests on an area of 1734 km² in two natural regions of the eastern and western macroslope of the Urals during periods of high (1995–1998) and low (2014–2016) emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter has been analyzed. With an increase or decrease in load, the pattern of dynamics and the magnitude responses are species-specific and significantly depend on habitat conditions, but the main contribution to the spaciotemporal dynamics of species affects the load level. During the period of high emissions, the environmental heterogeneity slows down the decrease in area of species distribution along a load gradient, but the distribution decreases under very heavy pollution, regardless of habitats or species. After the reduction of emissions, the distribution of most species in the heavily polluted areas has changed little for 19 years; the elimination and reduction in the distribution of the most sensitive species continues. Positive shifts have been revealed mainly in less polluted areas; the rates of recolonization vary in different habitats. Depending on habitat conditions, the species response to an increase or decrease in pressure can be “fast” (relatively high rates of change) or “slow” (lower rates of change and even a continued decline in distribution, despite reductions in pressure).

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环境异质性在铜冶炼厂高低排放期维管束植物物种分布中的作用

摘要环境异质性会随着人为负荷的增加而显著改变物种灭绝的速度，以及在负荷减少后受干扰地区的重新定居速度，但人们对这一问题的了解甚少。本研究分析了乌拉尔东部和西部宏观斜坡两个自然区域 1734 平方公里森林草本矮灌木层 14 个物种在中乌拉尔铜冶炼厂高排放期（1995-1998 年）和低排放期（2014-2016 年）的分布情况。随着负荷的增加或减少，物种的动态模式和响应程度都是特定的，并在很大程度上取决于栖息地条件，但物种的时空动态主要受负荷水平的影响。在高排放期间，环境异质性减缓了物种分布面积沿负荷梯度的减少，但在污染非常严重的情况下，无论栖息地或物种，分布面积都会减少。排放减少后，大多数物种在重污染区的分布在 19 年间变化不大；最敏感物种的消失和分布减少仍在继续。积极的变化主要出现在污染较轻的地区；在不同的栖息地，重新定殖的速度各不相同。根据生境条件的不同，物种对压力增减的反应可以是 "快"（变化率相对较高）或 "慢"（变化率较低，甚至尽管压力减小，但分布继续减少）。

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来源期刊

Contemporary Problems of Ecology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Contemporary Problems of Ecology is a multidisciplinary periodical that publishes original works on the following subjects: theoretical and methodical issues of ecology, regional aspects of ecology, regional ecological disasters, structure and functioning of ecosystems, anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. All basic aspects of modern ecology, including the most complicated interactions between living organisms and their environment, are presented. Some of the journal issues are dedicated to global changes in biological diversity at various levels of organization (populations, species, ecosystems) principles and methods of nature conservation.